This paper explores how disputes are being channelled, gradually with the support of technology, to a menu of dispute resolution options, which for civil cases often favour non-binding processes that enable an amicable settlement prior to exploring a more costly, confrontational, and formal adjudicative process. Accordingly, this paper first examines how Dispute System Design seeks to identify the most suitable dispute resolution option, contributing to a greater variety of process pluralism and improving dispute prevention to avoid unnecessary escalation. Secondly, it examines how (English) courts and Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) processes steer disputants towards informal settlement options. Thirdly, the paper discusses how dispute resolution providers are leveraging data and technology to increase access and provide greater efficiency in the dispute resolution process. Lastly, the paper argues that as the number of litigants in person increases, there is a growing risk of alienating those who need the most protection from the civil justice system, thus adequate safeguards ought to be incorporated to prevent weaker parties from receiving second-class justice.

Judicial systems around the world may be divided in two major groups: common and civil law system. Common Law systems are mainly used in UK, USA, Canada and the civil law systems are used in Europe and other countries. There are also countries or states/provinces that have mix systems like Quebec where criminal matters use mainly common law system and civil matters use civil law systems and in manty cases both methods of both systems are used interchangeably. A somewhat indirect product of the systems is the way that the judges are appointed or elected. In this paper a comparative analysis of both systems and their elected or appointed judges is carried out with all his advantaged and disadvantages.

Workplace conflicts are a common aspect of organizational life, significantly affecting both employees and the overall organization. This abstract delves into the various facets of workplace conflicts, including their causes, effects, and costs. It also explores the implementation of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) methods, particularly focusing on mediation.

The KPMG Conflict Cost Study highlights the substantial financial burden of workplace conflicts, including increased employee turnover, higher absenteeism, and reduced productivity. According to Acas, workplace conflicts in the UK cost £28.5 billion in 2018-2019, averaging over £1,000 per employee annually. Approximately 9.7 million employees experienced conflict, with many reporting stress, anxiety, and depression (Acas, 2021).

There is a growing trend to establish structured systems for resolving workplace conflicts through mediation. Mediation is not just an alternative to legal proceedings but a crucial tool for addressing issues like trust erosion, structural problems, and social conflicts. Transformative mediation doesn't aim to avoid or suppress conflicts but ensures they are handled constructively and without harm, recognizing that well-managed conflicts can foster innovation and improvement.

Case studies from various companies demonstrate the effectiveness of mediation. For example, Company A's mediation program reduced employee turnover by 15%, saving around €200,000 annually. Company B's mediation efforts led to a 20% decrease in absenteeism, resulting in significant cost savings and increased productivity.

This session will examine workplace conflict complexities, using both qualitative and quantitative analyses to provide a comprehensive understanding of their impacts. Participants will gain insights into effective ADR strategies, especially transformative mediation. By highlighting the dynamics of conflict and practical mediation applications, this session aims to enhance the development of structured conflict resolution systems that contribute to more harmonious and productive work environments.

There is a quote goes like that "Your comfort zone will destroy you" but whenever unemployed youths get the opportunity to earn money without any effort except an investment. In return, such unemployed people and youth living in a developing country shall receive double or triple investment benefits through crypto-currencies or tokens i.e. Bitcoin Cash (BCH), Ether (ETH), Binance Coin (BNB), Tether (USDT), Solana (SOL) where the local government banned such transaction of coins. 

Law enforcing agencies cannot take immediate actions as the transaction is made secretly with local money transfer apps and funding from Black Money. People living in a developing country shall always take detrimental life risk to have a safe and secure future with huge money for their successors. Being scammed again and again, those needy people will try to change their present economic status by any means where the laws and regulations don't make any sense to them. 

Unemployment, bribery, lack of standard life, greed for earning speedy money and converting one's black money to white money, all these elements are forcing Bangladeshi people to invest in crypto-currencies.

The concept of sustainability has been somehow politized in terms of unilaterally extracting it from its core basis. Following the definition of FLOGEN Sustainability Framework the 3 criteria of sustainability that must be reached simultaneously are economic growth, environmental protection, and social development. As per this definition there are 3 factors that can help or hinder sustainability: Science and Technology, Governance and Management and education of civil society. In this paper a depoliticized sensible approach to a balance in environment and energy considerations of sustainability will be presented, depoliticizing its concept.

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This paper reviews the largest marketplaces from the Dark Web, which have become a haven for illegal activities—ranging from drug sales to cybercrime—and unearths their dispute avoidance and resolution mechanisms that aim to increase trust in these dark markets. Illegal trading on the Dark Web owes its success from the enhanced security and transparency as well as for effective dispute resolution processes, which are unreviewable by traditional courts. The dispute system design of these processes include anonymity, informality, user-support, community involvement in decisions, adherence to transaction terms and dark market rules, encrypted communications, and blockchain-based enforcement. While these processes lack due process guarantees and are often skewed towards experienced vendors, they are very effective, transparent, and incentivise parties to settle. The paper discusses the adaptability of civil justice principles in these unregulated digital spaces, which ironically undermine the rule of law by fostering trust in illegal transactions and offers insights into how these innovative processes can inform the development of more robust online dispute resolution systems within the legal system.

Medical malpractice cases are inherently difficult for many reasons. First, the attorney that handles the case is not trained to analyze medical data, practices and procedures. Hiring a doctor to review a complex case is cost prohibitive and may prove unproductive for a number of reasons such as professional curtesy, looking at the case from the doctor’s prospective biases the opinion and findings of the doctor, and due to similar training and practices sees nothing wrong with the quality of treatment (i.e., every doctor has to see 50 patients a day to make extra money so we cut corners, we all do it so I can’t blame Joe).

A data scientist with a background in biology and working on medical applications becoming familiar with HIPAA, SOAP Notes, etc. can provide the technical background necessary to make the necessary findings and develop a case while not having any of the bad habits and ties to the profession. Also, a data scientist is trained to examine the all the data and find the relationships. In many ways the training makes them perfect for this specific kind of analysis. Data scientists also are trained to be methodical and detailed.

In the case of the wonderful Ms. Migen Dibra, having a data science background makes one well trained to analyze and assess all of the medical studies given to the FDA for the drug “label” approvals, which can be most revealing.

This lecture will cover these important subjects as well as go through the case of Ms. Migen Dibra who died prematurely.

As the global community grapples with the escalating challenges posed by climate change, the imperative to mitigate carbon emissions becomes increasingly urgent. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology stands at the forefront of climate solutions, offering a transformative approach to reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from industrial processes and energy production. This paper delves into the multifaceted world of CCS, exploring its pivotal role in addressing climate change and fostering clean energy transitions, integrating hydrogen technology as well.

The global push for reducing carbon emissions has highlighted CCS as a key technology. Greece, with its commitment to sustainable development, is making significant strides in this area. This paper aims to examine Greece's contributions and initiatives in advancing CCS technology, focusing on technical challenges, legal frameworks, policy recommendations, economic and regulatory incentives, and innovations in CCS technology. The study employs a comprehensive review of technical advancements, legal documents, policy papers, and economic analyses. It also incorporates interviews with experts and case studies of successful CCS projects in Greece.

By investigating Greece’s role in advancing CCS and its collaborations on the European stage, this paper underscores the significance of CCS as a critical tool in combating climate change. Greece’s proactive engagement with experts, alignment with EU directives, and establishment of a robust legal framework position it as a leader in CCS advancements within Europe and on the global stage. As CCS technology continues to evolve, it remains a beacon of hope in the collective efforts to secure a sustainable and greener world.

The objective is to inform, with a broad vision, the possibilities of acquiring, registering, legalizing and exploring a mining enterprise in Brazil. Bringing national or foreign investors legal and economic security, with the minimum necessary support, to reassure the investor in a correct and legal way, mining exploration as an excellent and profitable business to be invested in. This paper does not exhaust the topic addressed, since the Brazilian legislation on Mining Law, which is currently under the control of the National Mining Agency – ANM – as provided for in Law No. 13,575/2017, which should undergo some changes, as already under analysis in the Chamber of Deputies, Bill 957/24, which aims to bring several innovations and regulations into the legislation of the Brazilian Mining Law framework.

Climate change has a major impact on human rights and is a global pressing issue. Yet, several gaps remain as to the obligations of states and other stakeholders in light of the climate crisis. It is thus unsurprising to observe the current trend to turn to international and regional tribunals to interpret or clarify the scope and content of rights and obligations in relation to climate change. The interconnection between human rights principles and climate change are clear,  from ensuring accountability and an effective remedy, to preventing the negative impact of climate change on the enjoyment of human rights. Against this background, this presentation will explore the diverse links between human rights and climate change, specifically in relation to mitigation, adaptation and remedying climate change harms. First, the paper will focus on exploring the impact of human rights on climate action. It twill then dwell upon exploring the initiatives in the international scene, from regional courts to United Nations bodies, which clarify the rights and obligations relating to human rights and the climate emergency. Finally, the paper will analyse the right to an effective remedy in relation to harms caused by climate change.

This paper analyses the Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) as a tool for securing electricity within the context of free energy trade between private entities and state support for promoting energy production from renewable sources to meet green transition and sustainable development goals. It further delves into the various implications of these agreements on the broad energy market. The PPA is a crucial mechanism for securing financing for the construction of power generation plants. The analysis includes different types of PPAs, their advantages, elements, termination, and the risks for both the buyer and the seller. The paper also provides a precise summary of decisions made by the European Court of Justice regarding Power Purchase Agreements, particularly focusing on how these agreements are categorized and evaluated as state aid. The aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of the legal aspects of renewable PPAs, while also taking into account considerations of Albanian legislation.

On April 8, 2024, the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) delivered a landmark decision in Verein KlimaSeniorinnen Schweiz and Others v. Switzerland, finding that States have a legal duty to take action to mitigate climate change. Ruling in favor of a Swiss association of over 2,000 Swiss women, the Court found that the Swiss government violated the human rights of its citizens by failing to do enough to combat climate change. 

The original complaint, presented to the Court by four women and a Swiss association Verein KlimaSeniorinnen Schweiz, centered around the impact of climate change on their living conditions and health. They argued that the government's inaction on climate change put them at risk of heatwave-related deaths, with their age and gender making them particularly vulnerable. While the Court deemed the four individual applicants inadmissible, stating that they did not meet the victim-status requirements under Article 34 of the Convention, it recognized the right of the applicant association to file a complaint.

Ultimately, the Court determined that the Swiss Confederation had neglected its duty to fulfill its positive obligations under the Convention concerning  the right to respect for private and family life of the Convention, interpreting it as freedom from environmental threats to one's personal life, and a violation of the right to access to the Court. Failure by Switzerland to revise its policies may lead to additional legal actions at the domestic level, potentially resulting in court-imposed financial penalties. 

This presentation will seek to analyze future ramification of the said decision and possible future legal actions by individuals against regarding their right to a healthy environment and how will this translate into positive duties of state to take concrete actions to mitigate the effects of climate change. It will also touch upon the basic articles of the European Convention on Human Rights encroaching actions regarding climate changes. 

In developed countries, medical care should not only provide standard treatment but should also take the patient's condition and needs into full consideration. This presentation will clarify the basic human rights of patients and their rights when receiving medical care, and make it clear that the attending physician should be held accountable when those rights are violated.

1. Second opinion

There is a standard treatment for malignant diseases in each country, but there are generally no significant differences among developed countries. The treatment of malignant diseases is constantly evolving, and there are effective treatment options that are not selected for standard treatment. If a patient requests a second opinion from a third-party institution, the attending physician is obligated to provide the necessary data. Conversely, if a patient obtains a second opinion from a third-party institution, the attending physician is obligated to respect and accept the second opinion. It is normal for the attending physician to consult with the patient regarding the difference in treatment and efficacy between the patient's treatment and that of the attending physician.

2. The right to optimal treatment of malignant diseases

Chemotherapy and immunotherapy for advanced malignant diseases may cause regression of the malignant disease itself, but when administered systemically, they also have significant side effects on other normal organs. Particularly in cases where malignant disease has invaded or metastasized to other organs, careful attention must be paid to the side effects. If the side effects are judged to be greater than the therapeutic effect, it is necessary to choose a treatment method with fewer side effects than chemotherapy or immunotherapy. In other words, patients have the right to receive a treatment that has fewer side effects and prolongs life.

As an oncological surgeon, I had worked at Kindai University Hospital (Osaka Japan) for 25 years. Ms. Migan requested me providing various examinations in Japan and treatment proposals for her malignant disease since August 2022. I found in medical record that there had been the fatal error in monitoring the disease, ignored second opinion, and the administration of the wrong chemotherapy / immunotherapy in November 2023 and February 2024. These were real evidence that violation of patient’s right. A monitoring system to ensure proper medical treatment for patients is needed in the medical community. Future legislation protecting the rights and interests of patients is also needed in the legal field as well.

The official entry into force of the EU’s AI Act has brought forth a new regulatory reality, for the development and application of Artificial Intelligence technologies, within the jurisdictions of Europe. With a strong focus on the transparent and explainable character of these systems, the AI Act adopts a risk-based approach that categorizes them based on the possibility of harm they may endanger, for persons and for the general public. This new reality creates newfound challenges for businesses, as they are bound to employ all the more AI technologies within their work, regardless of their scale. And these technologies use data as their fuel; this fuel, though, has the abovementioned strong regulatory framework to conform with, in order for the business utilizing these technologies to be able to profit from them in accordance with the law. Therefore, the analysis of the AI Act’s provisions related to business activity, and especially those regarding the correct and safe collection, processing and exchange of data is of paramount importance for businesses to be able to develop in this new era, as well as to guarantee that this deployment doesn’t intervene with the rights guaranteed to natural persons interacting with these businesses within the European legal order(s). It is this hard balancing that creates a new set of issues around the liability of developers, deployers and users of AI systems, that must be thoroughly and punctually assessed within this new framework and its upcoming legal follow-ups centered especially on liability.

In the 1990s, Albania moved from a centralized economy towards a free-market economy. Since then, Albania’s economic policies have been oriented towards openness to foreign investors and improvement of the business climate, which are the main promoters of economic growth. The political and economic changes went hand in hand with the legislative ones.  An effective justice system is crucial for improving the business climate and increasing foreign investments. Therefore, besides enacting new laws that would strengthen the judicial system, the Albanian legislator also reintroduced arbitration that would provide the business community with a neutral forum for dispute resolution capable of being designed according to their needs. 

This presentation aims to delve into the specific aspects of arbitration throughout the different political regimes in Albania, focusing particularly on the features of the new arbitration law enacted recently after decades of legal vacuum. After discussing the trends and challenges of the new Albanian arbitration law, it is concluded that it comes at a time when it is highly needed by the business community, considering the huge backlog of the Albanian courts mainly due to the judicial reform process.

Therapeutic Jurisprudence (“TJ”) is an approach to law which highlights “wellbeing” as an important component of the legal system [1]. Inspired by an excellent article by Harmony Decosimo at Suffolk University[2], the aim of this paper is to prove that applying law in a TJ manner is a simple and “ready to use” tool to fulfill the revised ABA Standards for the development of a professional identity in the legal profession [3] that state that: “Professional identity focuses on what it means to be a lawyer and the special obligations lawyers have to their clients and society and that the development of a professional identity should involve an intentional exploration of the values, guiding principles, and well-being practices considered foundational to successful legal practice”.  To this purpose we will present a set of TJ legal values creating the “lens” through which professionals can apply the law in a “better and more fulfilling way” and a collection of examples of different legal roles that can give tangible ideas of professional identity formation.

To facilitate the sharing of medical and health information across jurisdictions, harmonizing related practices appears to be essential. It is highly likely that governments and legal professionals will consider establishing international treaties or agreements for this purpose. However, it remains questionable whether they can effectively harmonize the actual practices of medical and healthcare professionals.

A more practical and swift approach, suitable for jurisdictions with diverse personal information protection laws, would involve implementing measures that ensure the collection of evidence demonstrating prior and express informed consent, and the ability for patients and other data subjects to withdraw consent. These measures should also aim to minimize the burden on both medical and healthcare service providers and the data subjects. Furthermore, if these measures become de facto standards—and ideally evolve into de jure standards—they would help domestic courts recognize practices compliant with these standards as lawful.

To design measures that face less resistance across various jurisdictions, efforts should be made to minimize conflicts with existing personal information protection legislation. A key aspect of this involves maintaining a straightforward informed consent process. Typically, this process includes disclosing the scope and purpose of using certain personal information and securing either implied or express consent from the data subject. The author suggests reforms in the practice of obtaining informed consent for sharing medical and health data, recommending the use of a common ITC platform to provide information and secure informed consent.

Self-preferencing by firms with significant market power, particularly in the digital sector, threatens consumer welfare and market competition. This paper addresses the pervasive issue of self-preferencing, focusing on its manifestation within the Google Search Engine. Google's use of the PageRank algorithm has been critiqued since its 1998 inception for favoring its own products and services over those of third parties that operate on the platform, undermining competitive dynamics and democratic principles of the web. 

With the European Commission's recent proceedings against Alphabet under the Digital Markets Act (DMA), this investigation aims to determine whether Google’s search results lead to self-preferencing, thereby ensuring fair treatment of third-party services. The primary goal is to analyze the treatment of self-preferencing in recent case laws and assess the effectiveness of regulatory frameworks like the DMA in mitigating such practices. To achieve this, the paper employs a mixed-methods approach, combining a review of legal cases, an analysis of the technical mechanisms of Google's search algorithms, and an evaluation of the regulatory responses under the DMA.

Findings indicate that while the DMA provides a structured approach to curbing self-preferencing, challenges remain, especially with ensuring compliance amidst the evolving integration of AI functionalities into search engines. Effective detection and enforcement mechanisms are crucial for the DMA to achieve its intended impact on market fairness and consumer welfare. Additionally, this paper offers guidance for digital gatekeepers on compliance with Article 6(5) DMA, addressing concerns related to platform envelopment strategies that negatively impact consumers and businesses.

Litigation finance, a mechanism where third-party funders provide capital to litigants in exchange for a portion of the recovery, has been gaining traction globally. This paper explores the development, current application, and future prospects of litigation finance in China, a country with a burgeoning economy and evolving legal landscape.  

The concept of litigation finance in China is relatively nascent compared to Western jurisdictions. Initially, the practice faced significant skepticism due to concerns over potential ethical issues and regulatory challenges. However, as China continues to modernize its legal system and economy, the acceptance of litigation finance has grown. The early 2010s marked the beginning of more structured litigation finance activities, with increasing involvement from both domestic and international funding entities.

China's rapid economic growth has led to a complex commercial environment where disputes are inevitable. The current economic landscape, characterized by high-stakes commercial litigation and arbitration, creates a fertile ground for litigation finance. The tightening of credit conditions and the need for businesses to manage cash flow have amplified the demand for alternative financing options, including litigation funding. This financial tool allows companies to pursue meritorious claims without bearing the upfront costs, thereby leveling the playing field, especially for smaller enterprises.

From a legal standpoint, the potential for litigation finance in China is substantial. The Chinese legal system has been progressively aligning with international standards, which includes a more robust framework for the protection of commercial rights. Despite the progress, there remain significant regulatory ambiguities and cultural hurdles. The lack of a comprehensive legal framework specifically addressing litigation finance poses challenges, yet also presents opportunities for legal innovation and reform.

The application of litigation finance in China is diverse, spanning from commercial litigation to arbitration and insolvency proceedings. Major cities like Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen have seen a rise in litigation finance activities, supported by local legal firms and international funders establishing a presence. Case studies indicate that litigation finance has been particularly beneficial in complex commercial disputes where the cost of litigation is prohibitively high. 

Looking ahead, the prospects for litigation finance in China are promising. The ongoing reforms in the legal sector, combined with China's strategic focus on fostering a business-friendly environment, suggest a favorable trajectory for litigation finance. However, the industry must navigate regulatory uncertainties and cultural resistance. Building a transparent and ethical framework will be crucial for gaining wider acceptance among litigants, lawyers, and the judiciary.  

In conclusion, litigation finance is poised to play a significant role in China's legal and economic landscape. Its ability to democratize access to justice and provide financial relief in litigation-heavy environments positions it as a critical tool for the future. With continued legal reforms and increased awareness, litigation finance can thrive, offering new avenues for dispute resolution and contributing to the overall efficiency of the Chinese legal system.
This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state and future potential of litigation finance in China, highlighting the economic drivers, legal perspectives, and practical applications that shape this evolving industry.  

Businesses, governments, and individuals have significant immigration needs in the global economy.  But they have competing interests.  Businesses are desperate to find the most talented human resources and most lucrative markets, and individuals are desperate to find the most rewarding employment and environments for themselves and their families.  Governments desire to attract the greatest talents and increase economic activity while also protecting its local workforce. Is it possible to balance their interests and have everyone’s core needs met?  Is it possible to achieve justice for all?

Foreign entrepreneurs and international businesses must have routes to establish and operate businesses in new global markets, generating revenue and offering employment opportunities locally and globally.  Individuals need feasible ways to obtain visas in a timely manner to accept global employment assignments and to establish themselves in new settings.  Countries must develop realistic and reliable paths for foreign experts and workers to establish and build businesses in order to drive research and innovation, and to solidify their strength and place in the global economy.  

This session will explore the competing interests and encourage a lively discussion regarding paths to meet the needs of all those involved.  
 

Many Albanian and foreign authors have noted the coexistence of the statutes of medieval Albanian cities, an expression of the positive law of these areas, with Albanian customary law, as well as the similarities that testify to the mutual influence between the two legal systems. Researchers, such as the albanologist Milan Šufflay, have underlined that the charters of the Albanian cities, although influenced by the positive law of the Italian cities, such as the Republic of Venice or that of Ragusa, have developed original traits. This assessment has been reinforced by studies that have followed the discovery in 1997 of the 'Statutes of Shkodra' by researcher Lucia Nadin and the publication in 2009 of the full text of the Statutes and Ordinances of the Chapter of the Cathedral Church of Drishti, by Musa Ahmeti and Etleva Lala.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze, from a legal point of view, the main characteristics of the statutes of medieval Albanian cities in the domain of commercial law and to assess whether the statutory and the customary law of the Albanian kanun share commonalities and similitudes in the regimes of this branch.

Since ancient times, women have struggled to obtain due recognition for their research, facing barriers imposed by gender. In Ancient Greece, there are reports that the precursor of women in Medicine was Agnodice, a woman who dressed as a man to study and became an excellent “doctor” who was much sought after, but was accused of having deceived the people; while Hypatia of Alexandria was a great scientist, who was quartered and burned for not being Christian, having been accused of being a witch. Years later, in the Renaissance and Enlightenment, there was a scientific revolution, as society began to incorporate the ideals of scientists, although at that time most women were prevented from studying by their families. In the contemporary era, there are still difficulties to be overcome. Analyzing women in the job market, it is observed that inequality through the separation of tasks, in which women are most often responsible for tasks that involve feelings, while men perform, for the most part, tasks that involve decision-making; and the existence of a hierarchy of men under women. Although the participation of women in scientific areas such as Biosciences and Medicine is growing, areas such as Engineering, Physics and Computer Science still have a lower female representation. This sociological study highlights how important it is to fight for gender equality.

The lack of Ethics in the academic world is a serious problem. The criticism of Jonathan Swift in Gulliver Travels (1726), is still valid [1]. In this sense, we remain in middle age. This is not the only obsolete thing nowadays: In the year 2000, The Roman Right of Roman Emperors is still used. Arminius revolt [2] was against the Roman code of laws, essentially. Maybe what makes the Roman ridiculous is the punishment system: jail for everything. The time of jail varies since 1-2 days to entire life. Also signing a confession (even if innocent) may result in condemnation.

Criticizing the authorities is always a risky task: Galileu Galilei was incarcerated for defending that the Earth orbits the Sun (and not the inverse). To avoid trouble, Copernicus asked to have his book published after his death. Criticizing “authorities” always is a risky task, because then “authorities” are no longer “authorities” and lose their political power, money and other assets.

In the 20^th Century Cecilia Payne was forced to change her conclusions in her PHD Thesis [3]. No Nobel Prize to her! By another hand, influential people are able to publish wrong papers. Everett was advised by John Weller [4], a very influential figure in the politics of Physics. Thus, the Many World hypothesis [4] was published (but it obviously violates the principle of conservation of energy!). Such absurd papers are published and can receive large number of citations. By another hand, Oliver Heaviside also almost was banned from scientific life [5]. No Nobel Prize for him!

There are Lobby for some authors. Thus, be careful about “invited papers”, which may even admit completely wrong ideas! The two more relevant corrupt issues are the “networking” and the Ponzi scheme. Correct papers are rejected, whereas wrong papers are accepted and even published several times. Editors and Referees are “rigorous” with some authors, and lenient with others. The Ponzi (or pyramid) scheme makes that the PHD candidate always have to confirm the thesis of the advisor. 

Here it is discussed on how we can escape from such corrupt system. The Fourier series were presented in 1807, but Poisson, Legendre and others denied its publication [6]. Soon after Fourier published a book (by his own) in 1822, Fourier was elected for the Royal Society [7]  (but 15 years were missed)! Conclusion: The soapbox oratory is the ultimate solution [8].

The presentation introduces the Homeric oeuvre into the law and literature canon. It argues for a reading of Homer's The Iliad and The Odyssey as primordial narratives on the significance of the rule of law. It delineates moments of correspondence between the transition from myth to tragedy and the gradual transition from a social existence lacking formal law to an institutionalized legal system as practiced in the polis. It suggests the Homeric epics are a significant milestone in the way justice and injustice were conceptualized, and testify to a growing awareness in Homer's time that mechanisms that protect both individuals and the collective from acts of unbridled rage are necessary for the continued existence of communities.

Currently, Brazil is the second largest producer of iron ore in the world, behind only China, which holds 21% of production, while Brazil contributes to 19%. This production plays a crucial role in the country's trade balance.

However, the extraction and processing activities of this natural resource also cause significant environmental impacts, mainly due to the generation and disposal of large quantities of waste.

Furthermore, iron ore tailings, a by-product of mining, are often deposited in dams, posing known risks to the population, as evidenced by the disasters in Mariana and Brumadinho in the State of Minas Gerais, which occurred in 2015 and 2019 respectively.

Given the need to minimize these impacts and risks, researchers and mining companies have been committed to developing studies to optimize processing, aiming to reduce the amount of waste generated and/or its use as raw material in other sectors, such as in the civil construction field.

In this sense, iron ore waste has been transformed, through technological innovation processes, into materials in order to create pavements and residential houses that can be used for the population of municipalities affected by the environmental impacts arising from mining. The paper aims to demonstrate the tax benefits that mining companies can obtain through the “Lei do Bem” (Law 11,196/2005), which grants tax benefits to companies that contribute to RD&I projects aiming at technological innovation, providing companies the benefits of the reduction in the Income Tax rate and the Social Contribution on Net Profits (CSL) to be applied to Actual Profit Method (“Lucro Real”) in total balance with environmental, social and governance (ESG) aspects.