Nano-particles have a very high surface area-to-volume ratio in comparison to large-sized particles, giving rise to unique characteristics not present in bulk material of the same composition. These novel properties can be utilized in numerous industrial applications such as catalysis, coatings, surface engineering and sintering. However, nano-particles have been found to have several disadvantages, including increasing feedstock viscosity, oxidation and agglomeration. The development of nano-particle applications demands an understanding of both the inherent advantages and challenges present in their synthesis and implementation. Metals produced as nano-powders present a wealth of opportunities for use in the industrial sector, but effective means of production must be established in order to support their use on this large scale. Electrochemical synthesis offers an efficient, inexpensive and scalable method to produce nano-sized metal powders of consistent size and composition. Physical and chemical properties can be influenced and adjusted by means of organic additives, pulsed electrodeposition and cell design. This article reviews current studies on the production of nano-powders by electrolysis and provides the latest results obtained for some metals. These results include the effect of additives, current load and sequences, temperature and the corresponding characterization methods for the evaluation of their crystallinity, morphology and purity.

Different types of novel Ag-metal-oxide nano composites were synthesized and characterized by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy techniques. Photoluminescence and UV Vis spectroscopy techniques were used to know the absorption behavior of these novel nano composites. Black Ag-TiO2 and Ag-TiOxNy were prepared by unique sustainable redox chemical process and can be replicated easily if large production of these materials is required.
These nano composite materials have large commercial application for fabricating third generation solar cells and Li-S batteries.

The development of practical rechargeable lithium metal batteries (LMBs) promise step-change improvements in electrochemical energy storage over today’s state-of-the-art lithium ion technology. Such batteries also open new opportunities for high-energy, portable electrical energy storage solutions for applications in electrified transportation, autonomous aircraft and robotics where reliable, long-term storage is a critical requirement for progress. Commercial LMBs remain elusive in these applications for multiple reasons, including gradual consumption of lithium metal and electrolyte by parasitic surface reactions and unstable electrodeposition of metallic lithium during battery recharge. Known consequences of unstable electrodeposition and lithium dendrite formation include accumulation of electrically disconnected regions of the anode or "dead lithium", thermal runaway of the cell, and internal short circuits, which limit cell lifetime and may pose serious hazards if a flammable, liquid electrolyte is used in a LMB. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are designed to eliminate the most serious of these problems by hosting the lithium in a graphitic carbon substrate, but this configuration is not entirely immune from uneven lithium metal plating and dendrite formation.
Beginning with a formal analysis of the stability of electrodeposition of metals on planar electrodes, this talks considers how a LMB electrolyte and separator might be rationally designed at the nanoscale for high conductivity and stability. In particular, using a continuum transport analysis for electrodeposition in a structured electrolyte in which a fraction of the anions are fixed in space, I will show that electrodeposition at the lithium anode can be stabilized through design of the electrolyte, salt, and separator. Building upon these ideas, the talk will explore transport in novel nanoporous hybrid electrolyte configurations designed to stabilize metal anodes against dendritic electrodeposition and premature failure. Finally, in order to evaluate stability conditions deduced from theory, the talk will explore application of these electrolyte designs to model LMBs.

Nanocomposites of Tin/graphene (Sn/graphene) and tin/nitrogen-doped graphene (Sn/N-doped graphene) were prepared in order to be used as anode materials in lithium-ion batteries. The major advantages of Sn and graphene-based supporters are high theoretical specific capacity and good mechanical stability, respectively. Simple and low cost methods were employed to prepare the composites. Graphene was prepared by thermal annealing of graphene oxide and N-doped graphene was prepared by annealing graphene oxide with melamine. The solution method was brought to prepare the Sn/graphene-based composites. The composites were prepared with 10 and 20 percent weight of Sn on graphene-based supporters. The prepared Sn/graphene-based composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. Graphene and N-doped graphene existed as the major phases in the composites. The Graphene-based supporters were thin exfoliating graphite structured. Small particles of Sn found in the composites in different sizes were dispersed thoroughly on graphene-based sheets. These Sn/graphene-based composites are expected to provide high lithium storage capacity and to be used as anodes in lithium-ion batteries.

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