The development of the steel industry in Brazil is a story of continuous growth and modernization, driven by investments in technology, expansion of production capacity and the search for new markets. However, this sector faces significant challenges in both import and export, which impact its competitiveness and sustainability. In recent decades, the industry has undergone a process of modernization, with investments in more efficient and sustainable technologies, such as the use of electric furnaces and the adoption of circular economy practices. Brazil has become one of the largest steel producers in the world, with an installed capacity of over 50 million tons per year. In addition, the steel industry is a major employer, providing thousands of direct and indirect jobs, and contributing significantly to the country's industrial GDP. In the areas of import and export, competitiveness with China and the Australia is analyzed, as they impose trade barriers, as well as tariffs, aiming to protect their local industries. Steel prices are volatile due to the interference of factors such as global demand, material costs and trade policies. Furthermore, the steel industry is one of the largest contributors to CO₂ emissions into the atmosphere, and the search for more sustainable production is leading the industry to invest in greener technologies. This article discusses how the advancement of the steel industry has impacted the environment, which other countries compete with Brazil and what measures have been adopted to protect the environment.

Since ancient times, women have struggled to obtain due recognition for their research, facing barriers imposed by gender. In Ancient Greece, there are reports that the precursor of women in Medicine was Agnodice, a woman who dressed as a man to study and became an excellent “doctor” who was much sought after, but was accused of having deceived the people; while Hypatia of Alexandria was a great scientist, who was quartered and burned for not being Christian, having been accused of being a witch. Years later, in the Renaissance and Enlightenment, there was a scientific revolution, as society began to incorporate the ideals of scientists, although at that time most women were prevented from studying by their families. In the contemporary era, there are still difficulties to be overcome. Analyzing women in the job market, it is observed that inequality through the separation of tasks, in which women are most often responsible for tasks that involve feelings, while men perform, for the most part, tasks that involve decision-making; and the existence of a hierarchy of men under women. Although the participation of women in scientific areas such as Biosciences and Medicine is growing, areas such as Engineering, Physics and Computer Science still have a lower female representation. This sociological study highlights how important it is to fight for gender equality.