Water, something that we often take for granted, has a fourth phase [1] that holds mysteries crucial to understanding many natural phenomena. This theory on structured water fourth phase was often met with skepticism and labelled as pseudo-science but recently, finds acceptance as researches advances with more evidences through more sensitive equipment and modern super-computer quantum energy calculations.

The concept of Structured Water (SW) fourth phase between solid and liquid is defined as cluster of water molecules joined by strong H-bonds to form relative stable ringed-structures molecular called Coherent Domains (CD) with characteristics that differs from classical notions of bulk liquid water. Based on the Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) field theory, the two phases, unstructured/non-coherent bulk water and structured/coherent (CD) water, exist together in liquid water at variable proportion depending on water conditions and environment [2-6]. The Coherent Domains (CD) are created when water molecules oscillate between two electronic configurations in phase with a resonating electromagnetic field (EMF) [7-8], which can create a quantum resonating cavity in the Coherent Domain (CD) trapping specific frequencies/waves [9-10]. In other words, bulk water may convert into (SW) water by resonating with and collecting coherent (EMF) fields generated from either in vivo or environmental sources [11]. The trapped non-vanishing (EMF) field doesn’t dissipate and tends to resonate with other CDs coherently. This phenomenon is referred to as Water Memory (WM) by Dr. Luc Montagnier [12]. Similarly, at hydrophilic surfaces, structured water (CD) is formed as dense lattice of hexagonal-ringed molecules expelling contaminates out of those tight H-bonded layers of hexagonal rings, firstly referred to as Exclusion Zone (EZ) by Dr. Gerald Pollack. The honey comb structure forms 60 degree shifted layers up to 1 mm in thickness capable of accommodating helix structure [13-14].

Recent (SW) studies employing Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) to detect and image structured water (CD) in liquid water and on metal surfaces [15-18]. AFM images revealed water supra-molecules of various sizes and shapes potentially comprising millions to billions of clustered H-bonded water molecules with soft, gel-like properties. Each supra-molecules rod-like or spiral-helical structures comprised of much smaller “spheres” resembling pentamers and hexagonal ring structure (CD). The spheres’ (CD) outer shell is electron-dense, indicating that the outer shells are a cloud or cold vortex of quasi-free electrons. These structures remain stable for weeks or months at room temperature and pressure [19]. As CD spheres approach a hydrophilic surface, they flatten out into a liquid crystalline lattice, known as Exclusion Zone (EZ), composed of tight layers of H-bonded, hexagonal-ringed water molecules [20]. The cold vortices of quasi-free electrons in the outer shell of the (CD) sphere are converted into quasi-free electrons within the (EZ) layers that interfaced with the hydrophilic surface [6,7,20]. When the H-bond strength increases to provide more structure to water, it becomes less fluid, with higher viscosity but the pentamers and hexagonal ring structure (CD) spheres or rods is less dense than liquid bulk water (similar to ice). However, the tight lattice structured water at hydrophilic surfaces is more dense than liquid bulk water [21].

In structured coherent domain the molecular electrons fluctuate between being strongly bound (ionization potential 12.60 eV) and an excited configuration (12.06 eV) in which one electron per molecule is “quasi-free”. Additionally, the trapped (EMF) radiation inside the (CD) had an equivalent of (0.26 eV) [19,22]. Even weak energy sources like red light (~680nm) have enough energy (1.8 eV) to bring the quasi-free electrons over the threshold of ionization potential. Infrared and other weak frequencies emitting subtle (EMF) electromagnetic and magnetic fields are able to increase structured water (EZ) [23-24]. However, many studies showed that, microwave frequencies (2.45 GHz) of older cell phones and (20-60 GHz) of newer 5G reduce water structure (EZ) layers since they destroy covalent bonds and disrupt H-bonding dynamics in water [25-27].

(SW) is not just H₂O but rather pentamers or hexagonal ring structure with 3 x ^-eH₃O₂ which bears noticeable negative charge (-100 mV to -200mV) due to losing protons ⁺H to the adjacent bulk water forming positively charged hydronium ions ⁺H₃O, lowering its pH < 7 and serving as energy reservoir [28]. A quantum computational model study of anionic and neutral hexamer structures showed that a set of two hexamer rings could be stacked on top of another with quasi-free electrons in the π orbitals. The computational spectral signature of (SW) hexagonal rings was 271 nm [29], which matched the experimental spectral signature of (EZ) water 270 nm [30-31].

Energized structured water (SW) consists of relative stable h-bonded cyclic rings with quasi-free electron swarm and readily available protons. Structured water (SW) in contact with hydrophilic biological surfaces, like cell or mitochondria membranes, proteins and DNA turns into biological structured water (BSW) or exclusion zone (EZ), adheres to the surface and is the main charge contributor due to its energized quasi-free electrons and adjacent proton ⁺H or hydronium ion ⁺H₃O. Thus, playing a major rule in cell redox reactions, respiratory functions and in maintaining healthy cellular functions [1-5]. Negatively charged (SW) unexpectedly adheres to negatively charged lipid membrane surfaces and forms exclusion zone (EZ) [6]. According to Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) theory, resonance attraction forces (SW) is generated when coherent domains (CD) oscillate in phase with resonant waves emitted from the lipid membranes [7]. 

Aquaporins in cell and mitochondria membranes are more permeable for SW/BSW than liquid bulk water enhancing the functionality of mitochondria and cell [8-10]. Mitochondrial heat energy (53-54°C) equivalent to FIR of 10174 nm [11] is absorbed by BSW, increasing EZ layers and providing additional energized quasi-free electrons for cellular activities, acting like an energy store [12-13]. Near-infrared and red-light wavelengths, directly from the sun or indirectly through Schumann Resonance (SR) frequencies (7.8, 14.1, 20.3, 26.3 and 32.5 Hz) [11,14], has higher energy to penetrate the body and increase (EZ) layers in the cells. Interestingly, Schumann Resonance (SR) frequencies agree with the human brain electroencephalogram (EEG) frequencies. These waves can carry & transmit specific resonating information (EMF) to the coherent domains (CDs) in the hexagonal ring-layers of (BSW) initiating specific cellular functions similar to old radio receivers that use hexagonal silicon quartz crystal [15]. Furthermore, Dr. Luc Montagnier demonstrated that weak EMF at 7.8 Hz for 18 hours could transfer specific DNA (EMF) to SW in another tube, where DNA signals were detectable even at extreme dilutions, referred to as water memory (WM). This water, when exposed to specific DNA (EMF) digital acoustic files, can reproduce the same DNA strain in a PCR reactor, called Water Transduction (WT) [16-17]. Qi or Ki, transmitted by a trained person, through special breathing techniques by Nishino, in near-infrared wavelengths (0.8-2.7 µm), can manipulate muscle contraction and suppress cancer cell growth in vitro [18]. The explanation lies in the influence of NIF on (EZ) water in the cells. Water respiration (WR) energy theory is based on a cascade of redox reactions including reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is considered the main cause for age-related diseases. However, when superconductivity, a characteristic of BSW, is considered, redox reactions in vivo could occur at superconductive speeds without causing detectable (ROS) damages [19-23]. Along with BSW, cells require a four-fold excess of oxygen to prevent ROS accumulation injury [19]. Specific (EMF) wavelengths, such as infrared radiation energize BSW maintaining good O₂ levels within cells.

Neutrophils inactivate pathogens through NADPH oxidase producing Radical Oxygen Species (ROS) in a process called respiratory burst, which increases oxygen consumption by 10-15-fold [19,24-25]. Myeloperoxidase MPO then produces localized small quantities of HOCl as biocide. Studies found that (SW) increases Natural Killer cell activity from 8% to 25% and doubling phagocytic activity [26]. In a close manner, our innovative PLUS biocide, which consist mainly of (SW) water< 99.7% and HOCl with traces of other (ROS) biocides totally equivalent to 250 ppm free chlorine, inactivates pathogens and enhances cell functionality/metabolism. PLUS's physiological effect can’t be solely attributed to 250 ppm free chlorine. Its wide spectrum and fast eliminations of pathogens incl. viruses, Chlorine resistant bacteria and spores > 99,9999% qualifies PLUS as a “chemical sterilant”. Simultaneously, due to its (SW) water, enhance and support cell granulation and speed up damaged area recovery (e.g. wounds & burns), safe on dermatological cells/skin and non-bleach. PLUS is produced in a unique reactor by electrolysis of NaCl salted purified water, producing hydroxylated water with hydronium ions ⁺H₃O and hydroxyl radicals ^•OH. These reform into (SW) water with stronger H-bonds that favor cyclic rings enhancing electrical conductivity and dielectric constant [27-29]. PLUS, generation process involves a combination of synergetic technologies like ionizing energy, electromagnetic field (EMF), resonance, catalytic TiO₂ and ceramics membrane, ozone + hydrogen peroxide reactions to form stable gentle biocide with energized (SW) & HOCl. Plus is stable with pH 7 unlike chemically produced HOCl stable at pH 4-5. Additionally, its UV spectrum differs from chemically produced HOCl with 2 peaks around 240 and 290 nm. Plus, safe and effective regime of disinfection opens doors for new holistic biocide supporting human health and animals’ wellbeing.