SESSION: PharmaceuticalMonPM2-R4 |
Leuenberger International Symposium on Pharmaceutical Sciences and Industrial Applications for Sustainable Development |
Mon. 21 Oct. 2024 / Room: Minos | |
Session Chairs: Hans Leuenberger; Norbert Schwarzer; Student Monitors: TBA |
Interestingly, there are many unresolved mysteries. Thus, if the result of a pharmacological effect cannot be explained, it is most convenient to declare this fact as a “placebo effect”! In Germany a comprehensive Acupuncture study showed to be effective [1], however, skeptical scientists [2] pretend that these Acupuncture results have fallen under the “placebo effect”. This statement is irrelevant to those that have been healed. It is important to strengthen the “Placebo Effect” instead of using opioids [3]! The focus of this contribution is to develop different hypotheses to explain the mystery of the placebo effect! Is the placebo effect a physical resonance effect of the human body with the drug substance if both systems can be described by an Einstein - Debye model of harmonic oscillators? Is the cause of the Placebo effect the human propensity of self-healing which can be triggered by methods such as Tai Chi, the Nishino Breathing Method, by Qi Gong and by other methods such pleasant music, vibrations, pleasant figures, shapes, pleasant environment such as healthy power spots at sacred sites i.e. places of worship such as monasteries, temples etc. Interestingly, such power spots can be detected by experienced and talented dowsers. In this context, dowsing and the search for water, applied kinesiology [4] also is considered as pseudoscience, and part of alternative medicine. However, it is difficult to explain why sensitive dowsers and practitioners in kinesiology using “muscle testing” instead of a “pendulum” as instrument for dowsing usually agree in testing the positive effect of supplements, drugs or food. Hahnemann realized that the more he diluted a substance dissolved in water the pharmacological effect became more pronounced, even in the case that due to the continuous dilution statistically no molecule of the active ingredient is present. This incredible phenomenon leads to the conclusion that homoeopathy [5] is a pseudoscientific system. However, five reasons are mentioned, why homeopathic preparations were reported to be successful: 1) placebo effect; The therapeutic effect of consultation; Unassisted natural healing [5]; Unrecognized treatments; Regression towards the mean [5]. This long list leads to the tentative conclusion that homeopathy seems to be effective. Modern advocates of homeopathy have proposed the concept of “water memory”, according to which water "remembers" the substances mixed and transmits the effect when consumed. In 1988, Jacques Benveniste published a paper in the journal Nature while working at INSERM supporting the idea of Hahnemann. However, he was forced to withdraw his paper against his will. Interestingly, Nobel Laureate Luc Montagnier, who was credited with identifying the AIDS virus, subsequently took up Benveniste's work on water memory. He and several other scientists claimed to have successfully replicated Benveniste's experiments. Thus, additional research is needed so that Hahnemann’s work is officially recognized. Hypnotic medicine describes the use of hypnosis in psychotherapy. Unfortunately, the efficacy of hypnotherapy is not well supported by scientific evidence. Hypnotherapy was used to sedate a patient before surgery. Interestingly, there is evidence of hypnosis in ancient cultures. Galenic Pharmacy was originally describing Pharmaceutical Technology according to Galen (born in 131, in Pergamon, Greece. Galen was a physician, pharmacist, natural scientist, nutritional scientist and philosopher. The remedies of Galen did not consist of a single substance but of a combination of different herbs and other products like the contemporary Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). The efficacy of the Galen recipes included remedies against human poisons since the emperors were interested in their chance of surviving poisoning. TCM also is considered as alternative medicine. Humanity needs to realize that there is a close correlation between a healthy and a peaceful society. Nations at war lead to a sick society and to collateral damage. The World Health Organization, WHO, takes care of a sustainable global/planetary health system. In this context, it makes sense that WHO also takes care of a sustainable peaceful world. Ideally such a peace initiative should be proposed by the 2024 SIPS summit and supported by Nobel Laureates attending this SIPS summit in Crete. Will computational science and Artificial Intelligence close the gap between the exact natural sciences, the technological sciences and the humanities/social sciences and lead us to appreciate the knowledge of ancient cultures? Can we stimulate open mindedness, transdisciplinary sciences, love for peace and tolerance under the umbrella of a strict ethical Codex?
It was not easy to find detailed information on the life of Nicolas of Flue such as the book1 “Brother Klaus, Man of Two Worlds” by Christina Yates. She was educated at a Quaker co-educational Boarding school in Somerset, England. In Geneva, Switzerland, she worked from 1926-1927 at the Friends International Centre established during the early years of the League of Nations, today: United Nations. Quakers2 were known to refuse to participate in war, to swear oaths and were opposed to slavery. Anabaptists also refused to participate in a war being prosecuted by Catholic and Protestant authorities. In this context, the father of Niklaus Leuenberger3, head of the peasant revolt in 1653, was also an Anabaptist.
In 1947, in recognition of their dedication to peace, Quakers1 were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Quakers2 introduced the Bill of Rights to the U.S. Constitution, trial by jury, equal rights for men and women, and public education. From 1953 - 1970 Christina Yates was teaching English at the Ecole d’Humanite following Paul Geheeb’s educational principles4 in the Bernese Oberland. During this time, she spent several years studying extensive French and German literature on the life of Nicolas of Flue. Her book consists of 4 parts, describing his “Life” (I), citing “Eyewitnesses” (II), describing “The Other Dimension” (III) and “Brother Klaus Today” (IV). Part III is related to the Man of the Two worlds: Klaus, he has experienced war, -brutal hand to hand combat with pike and lance - as brave soldier being promoted to the rank of a captain, he also sat on the bench with magistrates accepting bribes. Knowing the deficiencies of his own community, he suffered from depression until he retired as hermit in a wooden shack in the Ranft close to his former home. Brother Klaus had several visions triggering the curiosity1 of C.G. Jung (Carl Jung - Wikipedia). Christina describes the controversy regarding the incrediblefasting of Brother Klaus, since the local people wondered if he was receiving food secretly. Albrecht von Bonstetten, a nobleman, describes Brother Klaus as of “low birth” since he had no higher education. Thus, Klaus needed the support of Brother Ulrich1 for writing letters to authorities. Ulrich was an educated man, who established in an “arrow shot” distance1 his own hermit cell. Thus, Brother Klaus was happy that his youngest son enrolled as student at the University of Basel.
The differentiation between noble families and free people evolved only later, since the noble family “von Schweinsberg - Attinghausen” (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schweinsberg_Castle) of the Canton of Uri and Bern sided with the free farmers playing an important role in the foundation of Switzerland. The birth of the concept of the “armed political Swiss neutrality” can be summarized with the following statements1 by Brother Klaus: “O dear friends, don’t make your fence too wide, the better to remain in peace, calm and unity in your honorable and hard-won liberty. Don’t burden yourselves with foreign affairs, don’t join up with foreign rulers, guard against dissension and self-seeking. Protect your fatherland and cleave it to it. Do not foster intentional love of fighting, but if anyone attacks you, then fight bravely for freedom and fatherland”. Edgar Bonjour‘s extensive work consists of nine volumes on the history of the Swiss neutrality5. A sustainable healthy world only can be realized in the case of peace. Thus, the author of this abstract supports the idea of Prof Marcel Tanner that the World Health Organization (WHO) also addresses a peaceful planet thanks to the creation of the WHO Peace Initiative by using the tools of the International Council of Harmonization by establishing a special ICH-EPC team7 with the goal of Easing and Preventing Conflicts (EPC).