The development of the steel industry in Brazil is a story of continuous growth and modernization, driven by investments in technology, expansion of production capacity and the search for new markets. However, this sector faces significant challenges in both import and export, which impact its competitiveness and sustainability. In recent decades, the industry has undergone a process of modernization, with investments in more efficient and sustainable technologies, such as the use of electric furnaces and the adoption of circular economy practices. Brazil has become one of the largest steel producers in the world, with an installed capacity of over 50 million tons per year. In addition, the steel industry is a major employer, providing thousands of direct and indirect jobs, and contributing significantly to the country's industrial GDP. In the areas of import and export, competitiveness with China and the Australia is analyzed, as they impose trade barriers, as well as tariffs, aiming to protect their local industries. Steel prices are volatile due to the interference of factors such as global demand, material costs and trade policies. Furthermore, the steel industry is one of the largest contributors to CO₂ emissions into the atmosphere, and the search for more sustainable production is leading the industry to invest in greener technologies. This article discusses how the advancement of the steel industry has impacted the environment, which other countries compete with Brazil and what measures have been adopted to protect the environment.

This study points out the characteristics of Ti-6Al-4V alloys, that contains additions of 6% Al and 4% V by weight, and it also aims about the advantages of the laser welding on these alloys compared to conventional methods of welding, because they usually cause problems such as oxidation of the faces joined by the weld, porosity and overheating of the joining metals. Occurs that Ti-6Al-4V alloys are widely used in aeronautical industry and in biomedical applications, due to its excellent properties, as well as mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, toughness and biocompatibility. But due to the high cost of these alloys, conventional welding cannot be done in order to avoid losses. The laser welding method, however, is appropriate due its accuracy, high penetration, high speed and easy handling. The main characteristics of this alloy that make it so special are: lightness, mechanical strength, biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, weldability and resistance to high temperatures. The addition of aluminum and vanadium significantly improves the strength of this alloy, remaining resistant even in corrosive or high-temperature environments. For this reason, they are widely chosen for use in biomedical and aerospace devices.

The present work aims to analyze the characteristics of macauba (Acrocomia aculeata), as well as its occurrence in Brazil and its energy properties that differentiate it from other biomasses due to its extreme importance for the generation of clean energy, from sources extracted from the environment and for sustainable development. The energy potential of macaúba biomass provides the strengthening of the Brazilian domestic market, since the oil extracted from this palm tree may have differentiated applications, including in industries. Compared to other biomasses, it is noted that macauba oil is produced in greater quantity and has high agricultural profitability. In the steel mill, the use of macaúba contributes to mitigate the emission of polluting gases resulting from the burning of fuels in blast-ovens, besides having several other advantages, as well as the low amount of ash generated.

The Ni-Ti alloy exhibits exceptional properties that enhance its compatibility with the human body, notably its low density, mechanical strength, corrosion and wear resistance, shape memory effect, and superelasticity. The shape memory effect involves a thermal hysteresis due to phase transitions from martensite to austenite when the alloy is cooled and then heated above its transformation threshold, enabling it to revert to its original shape. The superelasticity effect allows the material to return to its original shape after deformation of up to 10% under applied load. In this study, three samples containing 49.5% Ti and 50.5% Ni were produced using the powder metallurgy technique. The chemical composition of these samples was analyzed. The Ni and Ti metal powder mixture was sintered in a controlled atmosphere furnace at 1118°C in the presence of an inert atmosphere with analytical argon 2.0. Following analysis under an optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM), Vickers microhardness, corrosion, and wear tests were conducted to evaluate the alloy's suitability for prosthetics and orthopedic implants.

Since ancient times, women have struggled to obtain due recognition for their research, facing barriers imposed by gender. In Ancient Greece, there are reports that the precursor of women in Medicine was Agnodice, a woman who dressed as a man to study and became an excellent “doctor” who was much sought after, but was accused of having deceived the people; while Hypatia of Alexandria was a great scientist, who was quartered and burned for not being Christian, having been accused of being a witch. Years later, in the Renaissance and Enlightenment, there was a scientific revolution, as society began to incorporate the ideals of scientists, although at that time most women were prevented from studying by their families. In the contemporary era, there are still difficulties to be overcome. Analyzing women in the job market, it is observed that inequality through the separation of tasks, in which women are most often responsible for tasks that involve feelings, while men perform, for the most part, tasks that involve decision-making; and the existence of a hierarchy of men under women. Although the participation of women in scientific areas such as Biosciences and Medicine is growing, areas such as Engineering, Physics and Computer Science still have a lower female representation. This sociological study highlights how important it is to fight for gender equality.