Natural and social sciences are based on providing human beings with tools for sustainable living. According to Professor Hans Leuenberger[1], all sciences are related in the sense that they promote sustainability over time. In this context, the geosciences provide a wealth of knowledge about the past, present and future. Similarly, in geoscience, percolation theory is as important as in pharmaceutical sciences. One branch of the geosciences is mining, which provides human beings with economic, commercial and knowledge benefits. Well-managed mining is an activity that can provide countries with important economic resources. Fair trade promotes the sustainable development of states. Within fair trade, the correct mining of gold stands out, since this metal is linked to the growth and economic development of nations. Gold is one of the most desired mineral elements throughout history. It confers status, is synonymous with power, wealth and future aspirations. Economically successful countries base their financial stability on the gold reserves they have in their respective national banks. Therefore, it must be recognized that gold has many powers for the growth and sustainability of a country. As we have seen, for any country, gold mining is part of a fundamental economic and productive line of business. According to Professor Hans Leuenberger, all areas and human interactions must respect scientific integrity and integrity of data[1]. In the case of gold mining, as in the production of pharmaceuticals, there is regulation. Each country has a respective legal framework that establishes the conditions under which the mineral can be extracted. In order to grant a mining title to a company, minimum legal and ethical standards must be met, which can be divided into two phases: pre-extraction and post-extraction. In the first phase, the company will commit to submit all the corresponding information to the national mining authority to obtain the exploitation permit, i.e.: geological, geophysical, petrophysical and geochemical studies of the subsoil, the estimated time of duration and the probable amount of material to be extracted. During this phase a win-win situation is established between the mining company and the state, where the company can extract the gold without inconvenience and the state receives economic compensation. The second phase comprises the rehabilitation of the exploitation area, where, the mining company must try to restore the area, through processes that include the reforestation of native species, in order to mitigate the environmental damages[2]. Similarly, another type of compensation made by the company with a strong ethical code is towards the local community, through programs focused on social and community investment. On the other hand, there is another type of gold mining that does not comply with the scientific, ethical or data integrity; this is informal mining, which is carried out by some communities due to economic need and the lack of social investment, education and job opportunities. Also, a phenomenon that increases informal gold mining is the pressure exerted by criminal groups. However, in this context there are alternatives for families that depend on informal or artisanal mining to survive. An example of this occurs in Peru, where some groups of artisanal and small-scale miners are accredited by the Fairtrade International Organization[3] in the fairtrade of gold. This certification includes support for small-scale mining groups in the sense that they promote the correct extraction of gold with incentives such as improvement in working conditions, occupational safety and health. With respect to occupational health and safety of workers, Fairtrade certified mining organizations must comply with a set of criteria[4] including: the use of personal protection elements in accordance with the nature of the mine, the submission of a safety report by a competent authority, access to information and basic training in health and safety for all miners as well as the main risks and hazards and regular medical check-ups for all mine workers. The organization also supports miners in acquiring legal status and provides them with fair treatment for the difficult work they perform. Financially, Fairtrade offers the miner a minimum price for the gold extracted, which is equivalent to 95 percent of the price set by the benchmark London Bullion Market as well as a premium of two thousand dollars per kilogram of gold sold, which can be invested in local development projects, environmental protection or community care[3]. Therefore, the work done in Peru with gold mining is an example to follow worldwide, showing that there are viable alternatives for artisanal miners to be better remunerated and thus small-scale gold mining becomes more environmentally friendly for a more sustainable world.