ORALS

SESSION: IronTueAM-R2	Assis International Symposium (9th Intl. Symp. on Advanced Sustainable Iron & Steel Making)
Tue. 28 Nov. 2023 / Room: Dreams 2
Session Chairs: Tateo Usui; Marcos De Campos; Session Monitor: TBA

11:35: [IronTueAM01] OS Plenary
AN INDUSTRIAL AND ACADEMIC LIFE DEDICATED TO IRON PRODUCTION
Paulo Assis¹ ; ¹UFOP, Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil;
Paper Id: 464 [Abstract]

Following a brief description of the background, a life timeline of industrial and scientific activity during 48 years will be presented. It will cover first  the work done for more than 2 industrial companies including Acesita and Mannesmann and the successes achieved during that time such as the development of the first fluid system to inject charcoal in the blast furnace and it’s successful industrial implementation as the first Powder Charcoal System implemented with success worldwide.The scientific activity at UFOP will follow along with the successes achieved such as participation in the Excellence Program of CSN (Companhia Siderúrgiac Nacional) as a visiting professor.The establishment during thirty years as professor, researcher and Scientist of many collaborations with the best universities and professors in the world and especially in Asia will be described.The successes achieved as the first researcher worldwide working with biomass (waste from the Agriculture) and biogas in the blast furnace will also be described.  Life learned lessons  will also be described.

SESSION: IronTueAM-R2	Assis International Symposium (9th Intl. Symp. on Advanced Sustainable Iron & Steel Making)
Tue. 28 Nov. 2023 / Room: Dreams 2
Session Chairs: Tateo Usui; Marcos De Campos; Session Monitor: TBA

12:50: [IronTueAM04] OS Keynote
THE USE OF BIOMASS IN THE STEEL INDUSTRY AS A SUSTAINABLE ALTERNATIVE
Gabriela Araujo Gois¹ ; Paulo Assis² ; ¹UFOP/REDEMAT, Ouro Preto/MG, Brazil; ²UFOP, Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil;
Paper Id: 115 [Abstract]

This work consists of a study of the application of different types of biomass in the steelmaking process, these are the biomasses: Macaúba, soy, corn, elephant grass, sugarcane bagasse and coffee husks, considering that Steelmaking is responsible for 5% of emissions of greenhouse gases (CH4 and CO2). There is an attempt to replace part of the coal in the steelmaking process with biomass, but it is not possible to eliminate it completely because carbon is important in the reduction stage of Blast Furnaces, in addition, biomass needs to undergo processes and treatments that give it the desired characteristics. Biomass is all organic matter used to produce energy, which can be added to coke or injected into blast furnaces. Brazil's biodiversity needs to be used by ours through the incorporation of agribusiness residues into the steel sector. But to improve the calorific potential and decrease the reactivity of the biomass, additives can be added, as well as tar, which act by reducing the porosity of the biomass. In addition, demineralization can be performed to remove the inorganic part of the biomass in order to decrease its reactivity. The pyrolysis of biomass consists of heating the organic material without the presence of oxygen, direct thermal decomposition occurring (500 to 900°C) because when the temperature increases, the volatiles are eliminated, leaving carbon. Torrefaction is carried out at lower temperatures than pyrolysis (around 300°C) and is a technique that reduces the costs of cogeneration power plant because the biomass in this process becomes friable and easy to handle, but the torrefaction problem is that it does not concentrate the fixed carbon content.

SESSION: IronTuePM1-R2	Assis International Symposium (9th Intl. Symp. on Advanced Sustainable Iron & Steel Making)
Tue. 28 Nov. 2023 / Room: Dreams 2
Session Chairs: Tateo Usui; Giulio Antunes De Medeiros; Session Monitor: TBA

15:20: [IronTuePM108] OS
REDUCTION RATE ENHANCEMENT OF CARBON COMPOSITE IRON OXIDE PELLETS BY USING SEMI-CHAR OR SEMI-CHARCOAL
Tateo Usui¹ ; Hirokazu Konishi² ; Kazuhira Ichikawa³ ; Hideki Ono⁴ ; Hirotoshi Kawabata² ; Paulo Assis⁵ ; ¹Osaka University, Ibaraki, Japan; ²Osaka University, Suita, Japan; ³JFE Steel Corporation, Fukuyama, Japan; ⁴University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; ⁵UFOP, Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil;
Paper Id: 424 [Abstract]

The exhaustion of natural resources (quantity and quality) and CO2 emission controls are becoming increasingly important in steel industry.  A lot of steel engineers studied various means to decrease reducing agent at blast furnace for reduction of CO2 emissions.  For example, injection of waste plastics and carbon neutral materials such as biomass into blast furnace is better alternative. Especially, biomass has novel advantage, namely, no CO2 emissions, because of carbon neutral. Production of carbon composite iron ore agglomerates having good reducibility and strength is becoming one of the most important subjects.      Carbon composite iron oxide pellets using semi-char or semi-charcoal were proposed in order to enhance the reduction rate of iron oxide.  The carbonization was done under a rising temperature condition until arriving at a maximum carbonization temperature Tc,max to release some part of the volatile matter included (V.M.).  Starting point of reduction of carbon composite pellet using semi-charcoal produced at Tc,max = 823 K under the rising reduction-temperature condition was observed at the reduction temperature TR = 833 K, only a little higher than Tc,max (823 K), which was the aimed phenomena.  As Tc,max increases, the emitted carbonization gas volume increases, while the residual V.M. decreases, and, as a whole, the total heat value of the carbonization gas emitted tends to increase monotonically.

References:
[1] Tateo Usui, Hirokazu Konishi, Kazuhira Ichikawa, Hideki Ono, Hirotoshi Kawabata, Francisco B. Pena, Matheus H. Souza, Alexandre A. Xavier and Paulo S. Assis, “Evaluation of Carbonisation Gas from Coal and Woody Biomass and Reduction Rate of Carbon Composite Pellets”, Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, Vol.2018, Article ID 3807609, 2018, pp.1-14
[2] . Konishi, T. Usui and K. Azuma, “The Preparation and Reduction Behavior of Carbon Composite Iron Oxide Pellets Using Semi-coal- char”, Tetsu-to-Hagané, 92, 2006, pp.802-808.
[3] H. Konishi, A. Yamashita and T. Usui, “Effect of Residual Volatile Matter on Reduction of Iron Oxide in Carbon Composite Pellets”, Journal of JSEM (Japanese Society for Experimental Mechanics), 8, 2008, Special Issue, pp.142-146.
[4] H. Konishi, T. Usui and A. Yamashita, “Effect of Residual Volatile Matter on Reduction Reaction between Semi-coal-char and Iron Oxide”, Tetsu-to-Hagané, 95, 2009, pp.467-472.
[5] H. Konishi, K. Ichikawa and T. Usui, “Effect of Residual Volatile Matter on Reduction of Iron Oxide in Semi-charcoal Composite Pellets”, ISIJ International, 50, 2010, pp.386-389.
[6] H. Konishi, T. Usui and T. Harada, “The Preparation and Reduction Behavior of Charcoal Composite Iron Oxide Pellets”, Journal of High Temperature Society, 34, 2008, pp.14-19.
[7] H. Konishi, S. Fujimori and T. Usui, “Reduction Behavior of Iron Oxide in Semi-charcoal Composite Pellets”, Journal of High Temperature Society, 35, 2009, pp.33-39.
[8] T. Ariyama and M. Sato, “Optimization of Ironmaking Process for Reducing CO2 Emissions in the Integrated Steel Works”, ISIJ International, 46, 2006, pp.1736-1744.
[9] M. Asanuma et al., “Development of Waste Plastics Injection Process in Blast Furnace”, ISIJ International, 40, 2000, pp.244-251.
[10] T. Ariyama, R. Murai, J. Ishii and M. Sato, “Reduction of CO2 Emissions from Integrated Steel Works and Its Subject for a Future Study”, ISIJ International, 45, 2005, pp.1371-1378.
[11] T. Matsumura, M. Ichida, T. Nagasaka and K. Kato, “Carbonization Behaviour of Woody Biomass and Resulting Metallurgical Coke”, ISIJ International, 48, 2008, pp.572-577.
[12] M. Nakano, M. Naito, K. Higuchi and K. Morimoto, “Non-spherical Carbon Composite Agglomerates: Lab-scale Manufacture and Quality Assessment”, ISIJ International, 44, 2004, pp.2079-2085.

SESSION: IronTuePM2-R2	Assis International Symposium (9th Intl. Symp. on Advanced Sustainable Iron & Steel Making)
Tue. 28 Nov. 2023 / Room: Dreams 2
Session Chairs: Giovanni Felice Salierno; Session Monitor: TBA

16:00: [IronTuePM209] OS
MATHEMATICAL MODELING, SIMULATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF IRON ORE SINTERING PROCESS FOR QUALITY, FUEL EFFICIENCY AND POLLUTION CONTROL
Niloy Kumar Nath¹ ; Paulo Assis² ; Jose Adilson De Castro³ ; ¹JSPM's Rajarshi Shahu College of Engineering, Pune, India, Pune, India; ²UFOP, Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil; ³UFF - Federal Fluminense University, Volta Redonda, Brazil;
Paper Id: 338 [Abstract]

Iron ore sintering is a high temperature, high volume process for producing raw material for blast furnace, and the quality requirements for sinter is high strength and Tumbler index, good reducibility and reduction degradation index (RDI). The process involves high temperature gas-solid reaction, drying and condensation, and melting and solidification phenomena. Simulation of the iron ore sintering process reveals considerable variation in thermal and melting profile in the sinter bed [1,2].  Melting is very low in the top critical zone just below the ignition hood, giving rise to low sinter strength and high return fines, where as in the bottom layers melting is much higher, producing glassy phase with low reducibility. Suction pressure applied in the wind boxes for gas velocity in the sinter bed is one of the important process parameter for the sintering process, which is optimized here in three locations, top, middle and lower zones by optimization technique such as Genetic Algorithm (GA), for better melting and sinter quality in the three zones representing the total sinter strand [3].Sinter quality which is combination of high strength and good reducibility, can be attributed to partial melting of about 30%, in the sinter bed. However due to non-uniform combustion zone in the sinter bed, melting is very low in the top critical zone, whereas melting is much higher in the lower regions. Therefore, to overcome this non-uniform melting along the sinter bed height, two-layer sintering process is envisaged with higher coke rate in the top layer, and lower coke rate in the bottom layer. The two-layer sintering process have been optimized by using Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm, with different coke rates in the top and bottom layers. The thickness of the top and bottom layers are also varied for optimization. The two objectives for optimization are uniform 30% melting throughout the sinter bed, along with minimum overall coke rate, giving rise to two conflicting objectives for Pareto optimization [4]. The lower coke rate in the bottom layer up to the Burn through point (BTP), gives additional benefit of reducing pollution and greenhouse gases [2,5] like CO, CO2, SOx, and toxic gases such as NOx, dioxin and furan.

References:
[1] N. K. Nath, A. J. D. Silva and N. Chakraborti: Dynamic Process Modeling of Iron Ore Sintering: Steel Research: (1997); Vol. 68, No. 7, 285-292.
[2] J.A.D. Castro, N.K. Nath, A.B. Franca, V.S. Guilherme and Y. Sasaki. Analysis of iron ore sintering process based on alternative gaseous fuels from steelworks by multiphase multicomponent model; Ironmaking and Steelmaking, (2012), Vol. 39, No. 8, pp 605-613
[3] N. K. Nath and Kishalay Mitra. Optimization of Suction Pressure for Iron Ore Sintering by Genetic Algorithm. Ironmaking and Steelmaking, 2004, Vol. 31, No 3, pp 199-206.
[4] N. K. Nath and K. Mitra. Mathematical modeling and optimization of two-layer sintering process for sinter quality and fuel efficiency by genetic algorithm; Materials and Manufacturing Processes, (2005), Vol. 20, No. 3, pp 335-349.
[5] C.F.C.D. Assis, J.A.S. Tenorio, P.S. Assis and N.K. Nath. Experimental Simulation and Analysis of Agricultural Waste Injection as an Alternative Fuel for Blast Furnace; Energy & Fuels, ACS Pub. 2014, Vol. 28, pp7268-7273.

SESSION: IronTuePM2-R2	Assis International Symposium (9th Intl. Symp. on Advanced Sustainable Iron & Steel Making)
Tue. 28 Nov. 2023 / Room: Dreams 2
Session Chairs: Giovanni Felice Salierno; Session Monitor: TBA

16:25: [IronTuePM210] OS
STUDY OF VARIATIONS IN MICROSTRUCTURES AND PROPERTIES OF SINTERED NI-TI ALLOYS ACCORDING TO LOADS APPLIED IN COMPACTION AND SINTERING TEMPERATURES AND TIMES
Gabriela Araujo Gois¹ ; Paulo Assis² ; Orimar Reis³ ; ¹UFOP/REDEMAT, Ouro Preto/MG, Brazil; ²UFOP, Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil; ³Instituto Federal de Minas Gerais, Ouro Preto, Brazil;
Paper Id: 116 [Abstract]

In the development of the sintering of Ni-Ti alloys, it was noted the importance of carrying out an analysis regarding the influence of compaction load factors, temperatures and sintering times on their properties, given that these alloys are raw materials for biomedical products, such as implants and prostheses that need to have a high quality standard. The present study exposes the reasons why some samples showed more porosity than others, especially it is important to highlight that such samples with more porosity had a considerable decrease in hardness and mechanical resistance. The sintering temperature adopted was 1118°C, for periods of 12h and 24h, using analytical argon 2.0, taking into account the necessary care due to the high reactivity of titanium with other chemical elements. However, it was investigated why the samples that stayed in the oven for 24 hours had more pores compared to those that lasted 12 hours. Furthermore, it was observed that the greater the load applied, the greater the compaction of the alloy and the lower the porosity after sintering. The compression loads used were 21t and 30t, showing considerable differences in the final result of the specimens.

SESSION: IronTuePM2-R2	Assis International Symposium (9th Intl. Symp. on Advanced Sustainable Iron & Steel Making)
Tue. 28 Nov. 2023 / Room: Dreams 2
Session Chairs: Giovanni Felice Salierno; Session Monitor: TBA

17:15: [IronTuePM212] OS
BIOMASS CONSUMPTION IN A STEAM GENERATOR IN THE CONTEXT OF THE BRAZILIAN SCENARIO
Dimas Coura¹ ; Paulo Assis² ; ¹IFMG Campus Ouro, Branco, Conselheiro Lafaiete, Brazil; ²UFOP, Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil;
Paper Id: 60 [Abstract]

The increase in the added value of the product from the steel making process, in the production of steel and different rolled products for the various industrial sectors, together with actions to reduce CO2 emissions. The demand forecast for 2050 is considers and must be ensured by a 100% renewable system [1]. The transition to a 1.5-2°C world will fundamentally change exiting the resource flows of both metals and fóssil fuels [2]. It has been shown to be an option for the viability of environmental protection projects, such as way to improve the profitability of the activity. Within this scenario, biomass has been presented as a source of energy of great utility, when it comes to renewable sources like the sugar and alcohol mil cogeneration systems and industrial and service sector [3]. The circular economy and low carbon or by the reduction of natural gas itself with CO2 sequestration in the process. It can only ever be one of a range of sustainability orientated initiatives that manifests in the here and now [4]. Demark utilizes the greatest proportion of agricultural wastes for power generation at 16.8%, followed by Finland (15.6%), Brazil (8.4%) [5]. The conversion of biomass energy into heat, using steam-generating boilers, presents adequate yields, when used together with gases produced internally by the process, since it provides energy in a form that is easily usable by the steel making process, either in the form of steam. for use in industrial processes or for sending air to blast furnaces or for generating electricity. Biomass has 45% carbon, 42% oxygen, 5% hydrogen and 8% other minerals in its composition. The feasibility of using biomass in Brazil as fuel in steam generating boilers requires a comprehensive and conclusive study, in relation to the real influence on the agricultural process, the carbon market and other sources such as biogas. Faced with the scenario of viability of consumption of this source in steam boilers, the context of Brazil and a vision of the current scenario of consumption of biomass. It will be like a discussion to the theme.

References:
REFERENCES: [1] Luz, Thiago José Da, et al. “Complementarity Between Renewable Energy Sources and Regions - Brazilian Case”. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, vol. 66, 2023, p. e23220442. DOI.org (Crossref), https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2023220442. [2] Watari, Takuma, et al. “Sustainable Energy Transitions Require Enhanced Resource Governance”. Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 312, agosto de 2021, p. 127698. DOI.org (Crossref), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127698. [3] La Picirelli De Souza, Lidiane, et al. “Life Cycle Assessment of Prospective Scenarios Maximizing Renewable Resources in the Brazilian Electricity Matrix”. Renewable Energy Focus, vol. 44, março de 2023, p. 1–18. DOI.org (Crossref), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ref.2022.11.002. [4] Figge, Frank, et al. “Definitions of the Circular Economy: Circularity Matters”. Ecological Economics, vol. 208, junho de 2023, p. 107823. DOI.org (Crossref), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2023.107823. [5] Zheng, Yingying, et al. “Carbon Footprint Analysis for Biomass-Fueled Combined Heat and Power Station: A Case Study”. Agriculture, vol. 12, no 8, agosto de 2022, p. 1146. DOI.org (Crossref), https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12081146.

SESSION: IronWedAM-R2	Assis International Symposium (9th Intl. Symp. on Advanced Sustainable Iron & Steel Making)
Wed. 29 Nov. 2023 / Room: Dreams 2
Session Chairs: Alexandro Uliana; Mauricio Cota Fonseca; Session Monitor: TBA

12:25: [IronWedAM03] OS
CIRCULAR ECONOMY: ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF THE USE OF RECYCLED STEEL IN THE NAVAL SECTOR
Karolyna Gomes Dos Santos¹ ; Nathalia Balzana Anacleto² ; Paulo Assis³ ; ¹Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; ²Univ. Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil; ³UFOP, Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil;
Paper Id: 51 [Abstract]

The revolution of industries provided the increase and speed of productions, mainly the production of steel [1]. In the specific context of shipbuilding, the use of steel plays a fundamental role in the design of vessels. Despite being a 100% recyclable material [2], there are few incentives for this practice in the sector. This is due to the predominant linear production model, where waste is still seen as a worthless by-product that cannot be reused. In this sense, the use of steel from scrap recycling, inserting it in the construction phase of vessels, emerges as one of the ways to promote the circular economy and guide the adoption of good construction practices for this sector. This paper intends to identify Transpetro's fleet of oil tankers and estimate the total steel demand for the construction of Suezmax class oil tankers. Based on the data collected, an analysis was made of the possible impacts caused if this fleet were built exclusively with recycled steel[3]. The article discusses if Transpetro [4] has any decommissioning fund and/or sustainable decommissioning planning, aiming to guarantee the reinsertion of the steel from these vessels in a new production cycle. It also discusses fiscal policies [5] that encourage the reinsertion of steel in the shipbuilding chain and how legislation has cooperated or delayed circularity actions in the sector. We will see that by incorporating circularity practices in this industry it will be possible to dissociate the construction process from the practice of extraction of new natural resources, resulting in the reduction of operational costs, promotion of the ship steel recycling market, and the environmentally correct disposal of this waste. Contributing significantly to the preservation of the environment and the reduction of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions.

References:
[1] PIRES, Marco Cordeiro. O Brasil, o Mundo e a Quarta Revolução Industrial: reflexões sobre os impactos econômicos e sociais. Revista de Economia Política e História Econômica. Número 40 – julho de 2018.
[2] Instituto Nacional dos Distribuidores de Aço - INDA. (2021). AÇO: UMA ESCOLHA SUSTENTÁVEL. Recuperado em 13 de maio de 2023, de Por dentro do Aço – INDA.
[3] Sanchez, Euler & Pereira, Newton & Ribeiro, Natalia. (2017). Reciclagem de Navios e Embarcações: um mal necessário. October 2017. Conference: XXV Congresso Panamericano de Engenharia Naval. At: Panamá.
[4] JESUS, C. G. Contribuições para análise da tecnologia e do trabalho na indústria de construção naval brasileira. Revista Ciências do Trabalho, n. 9, p. 1997-2007, 2017.
[5] Assembleia Legislativa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - ALERJ. (2023). ESTADO DO RIO PODE CONCEDER BENEFÍCIOS FISCAIS PARA ESTIMULAR ATIVIDADES DE RECICLAGEM DE EMBARCAÇÕES. Recuperado em 21 de maio de 2023, de https://www.alerj.rj.gov.br/Visualizar/Noticia/55709?AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1

SESSION: IronWedAM-R2	Assis International Symposium (9th Intl. Symp. on Advanced Sustainable Iron & Steel Making)
Wed. 29 Nov. 2023 / Room: Dreams 2
Session Chairs: Alexandro Uliana; Mauricio Cota Fonseca; Session Monitor: TBA

12:50: [IronWedAM04] OL Plenary
SOFTWARE SYSTEM FOR MODEL BASED PROCESS CONTROL OF STEEL REHEATING IN BATCH AND CONTINUOUS FURNACE FOR OPTIMIZING HEATING TIME, ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND THERMAL HOMOGENIZATION
Niloy Kumar Nath¹ ; Paulo Assis² ; ¹JSPM's Rajarshi Shahu College of Engineering, Pune, India, Pune, India; ²UFOP, Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil;
Paper Id: 340 [Abstract]

Reheating of steel ingots in batch furnace such as soaking pit and box furnace, and Concast steel products like bar, billets and slabs in continuous furnace such as walking beam, and pusher type furnace is an important step for further thermo-mechanical processing like forging and rolling operations.  Concast Steel and ingots are heated up to 1100 – 1250 C, and since this is a high temperature and energy intensive process, excess heating time will cause productivity and energy loss, as well as oxidation or scale loss. On the other hand, if it is heated very fast causing high thermal variation between the surface and core temperature, will lead to thermal stress, distortion and crack formation. Furthermore, rapid heating without thermal homogenization can cause problems during hot rolling or forging operations, which may lead to, roll stuck, cracking and forging problems. Therefore, the aim of the heating process is to avoid any excessive thermal stress, particularly in the vulnerable ferrite to austenite phase transformation range, and also to achieve thermal homogenization with optimum time and energy efficiency. To numerically simulate the process, a detailed two dimensional finite difference model is developed by using generalized axisymmetric equation, and Crank-Nicholson technique. To accurately simulate the process. The model also has to consider all the complexities of the process like anomalous behaviour of thermal conductivity of steel and latent heat of phase transformation. The model has been validated with limited number of Lab-experiments in a muffle furnace. Model based Process Control system have been developed for both batch and continuous reheating process, with Graphical User Interface (GUI) for plant application.  

References:
[1] N.K Nath, Arunava Chowdhury and Paulo S. Assis. ‘Numerical simulation of ingot and concast steel reheating in batch and continuous type furnace to optimize energy efficiency, quality and productivity’, STIS (2013), Jamshedpur, Dec. 16-18, P75.
[2] N.K. Nath and Sachin L. Borse. Process Model based Software System for Steel Reheating Furnace for Energy Efficiency, Quality and Productivity; Advances in Computational Science and Technology, Vol. 5, No. 2, (2012), pp 819-824.
[3] Priyamvada Praharaj and N.K. Nath. Numerical simulation and experimental study of ingot heating process for time and energy efficiency for quality and productivity of the process, 3rd STIS conf., (2017), IIT Kanpur, pp 435-438.
[4] Arunava Chowdhury and N.K. Nath. Mathematical model based software system for optimization of steel slab and ingot reheating in walking beam furnace; ISOR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE), (2015), pp 12-20.

SESSION: IronWedPM1-R2	Assis International Symposium (9th Intl. Symp. on Advanced Sustainable Iron & Steel Making)
Wed. 29 Nov. 2023 / Room: Dreams 2
Session Chairs: Marcos De Campos; Paulo Assis; Session Monitor: TBA

14:05: [IronWedPM105] OS
ALTERNATIVE SLURRY TREATMENT (LANDFILL LEACHATE), A PERSPECTIVE ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (1)
Marcia Ribeiro¹ ; Paulo Assis² ; Jorge Murta³ ; Marcelo Esteves Campos⁴ ; ¹, Caetanópolis, Brazil; ²UFOP, Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil; ³Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil; ⁴UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil;
Paper Id: 56 [Abstract]

One of the biggest contaminants of soil, groundwater and surface water - leachate - also called percolated liquid, is the result of the enzymatic action of microorganisms and products resulting from the degradation of waste and water infiltration in landfills. This can prejudice the health of the population nearby the area. This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of a leachate treatment method (liquid from the decomposition of waste landfilled in the municipality of Conselheiro Lafaiete, Minas Gerais) with a focus on cost reduction and environmental improvement. The study was carried out during two years in Ouro Preto. We had studied a huge number of bibliographical references that portrayed about microwaves, alternative treatment of slurry and various subjects about it. Then, a composite sample was collected from the stabilization pond (inlet) and a composite sample from the output pond. The collection was carried out at three different points of the exit and entrance lagoon of the Sanitary Landfill in Conselheiro Lafaiete. Experiments were carried out with microwaves, organic coagulants and vertiver grass after treatment of manure in microwaves. The following parameters were analyzed: pH, BOD5, COD, Nitrate, Total Solids, Total Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Dissolved Oxygen, Total Aluminum, Total Lead, Total Copper, Total Chromium, Total Nickel, Total Zinc, Total Iron and Manganese, before and after the alternative slurry treatment. Among the results presented in this work, vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides), when cultivated in a hydroponic system, is a plant with possible potential for phytoremediation of leachate leachate.

References:
EHRIG, H. J. Quality and Quantity of Sanitary Landfill Leachate. Waste Management & Research I, p. 53-68. 1989. M. Strous, J.G. Kuenen, M.S. Jetten, Key physiology of anaerobic ammonium oxidation, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65 (1999) 3248–3250 (accessed October 25, 2017), http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10388731 M. Strous, J.G. Kuenen, M.S. Jetten, Key physiology of anaerobic ammonium oxidation, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65 (1999) 3248–3250 (accessed October 25, 2017), http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10388731. M. Umar, H.A. Aziz, M.S. Yusoff, Trends in the use of Fenton, electro-Fenton and photo-Fenton for the treatment of landfill leachate, Waste Manage. 30 (2010) 2113–2121, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2010.07.003. K.A. Third, A.O. Sliekers, J.G. Kuenen, M.S. Jetten, The CANON system (Completely Autotrophic Nitrogen-removal Over Nitrite) under ammonium limitation: interaction and competition between three groups of bacteria, Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 24 (2001) 588–596, http://dx.doi.org/10.1078/0723-2020-00077.

SESSION: IronWedPM1-R2	Assis International Symposium (9th Intl. Symp. on Advanced Sustainable Iron & Steel Making)
Wed. 29 Nov. 2023 / Room: Dreams 2
Session Chairs: Marcos De Campos; Paulo Assis; Session Monitor: TBA

15:20: [IronWedPM108] OS
THE EXPORTS OF BRAZILIAN COMPANIES ARE MORE COMPETITIVE WITH INCENTIVES AND TAX BENEFITS
Wilson Ferreira Santos Jr.¹ ; Paulo Assis² ; Jorge Murta³ ; ¹Masonic Court of Justice of the Grand Orient of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil; ²UFOP, Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil; ³Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil;
Paper Id: 29 [Abstract]

This paper shows many types of taxes and incentives for export and import from Brazil. These issues are shown in the paper and proves that by using the right of these taxes all of buyer and seller can have good benefits for their products and company.

References:
1. Constituição Federal /88- https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/constituicao/constituicao.htm 2. Emenda Constitucional nº 42/2003 - https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/constituicao/emendas/emc/emc42.htm 3. Lei Complementar nº 87/96 - https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/lcp/lcp87.htm 4. Lei Complementar n° 116/2003 - https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/lcp/lcp116.htm 5. Lei nº 9.363/96 - http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/l9363.htm