ORALS

The key features will be presented of the Standard Model (SM) [1] and of the Rotating Lepton Model (RLM) [2] of composite particles. They both seek to describe the nature and structure of matter, i.e. of quarks, baryons, mesons and bosons, at the subatomic level. They differ in the number of elementary particles (17 in the SM vs 5 in the RLM), in the number of forces (four in the SM, vs only two in the RLM) and in the number of unknown parameters (26 in the SM vs none in the RLM). The RLM is a Bohr-type model which combines gravity with special relativity [3] and with the de Broglie equation of quantum mechanics [4] to compute the relativistic masses of extremely fast gravitational confined neutrinos rotating on fm size circular orbits. The relativistic masses of these very fast neutrinos reach the masses of quarks [5,6] and this allows for the computation of composite particle masses (e.g. of hadrons and bosons) which are found to be in excellent agreement with experiment (within 2%) without any adjustable parameters.

References:
[1] D. Griffiths, Introduction to Elementary Particles. (2nd ed. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KgaA, Weinheim, 2008).
[2] C. G. Vayenas, S. N.-A. Souentie, Gravity, special relativity and the strong force: A Bohr-Einstein-de Broglie model for the formation of hadrons. (Springer, NY, 2012).
[3] A. Einstein, Zür Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper. Ann. der Physik. 17, 891 (1905); English translation “On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies” by G.B. Jeffery and W. Perrett (1923).
[4] L. de Broglie, Waves and Quanta. Nature 112, 540 (1923).
[5] C.G. Vayenas, D. Tsousis and D. Grigoriou, Computation of the masses, energies and internal pressures of hadrons, mesons and bosons via the Rotating Lepton Model. Physica A, 545, 123679 (2020).
[6] “The rotating lepton model: Combining fundamental theories”, Research Features, 135, 000-000 (2021). https://researchfeatures.com/rotating-lepton-model-combining-fundamental-theories/