ORALS

SESSION: IronThuPM1-R8	Usui International Symposium on Advanced Sustainable Iron and Steel Making (7th Intl. Symp. on Advanced Sustainable Iron and Steel Making)
Thu Oct, 24 2019 / Room: Ambrosia B (77/RF)
Session Chairs: Jose Adilson de Castro; Basant Kumar Singh; Session Monitor: TBA

14:25: [IronThuPM106] Invited
Using agribusiness residues as energy supply for blast furnaces
Alex Campos¹ ; Paulo Assis² ; Tateo Usui³ ; ¹Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Branco, Brazil; ²Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil; ³Osaka University, Ibaraki, Japan;
Paper Id: 393 [Abstract]

Biomass is generated in agro industry and it was proved by some authors that the generation of residues is high and relevant to be used in the iron and steel making processes. In this sector there is interest to reduce the Green House Gas and biomasses appear as a new idea on renewable source of energy, replacing a part of the material injected on blast furnaces. Brazil has a huge production of biomass, for example, last year was produced around 300 Million ton of grains making it a major agricultural producers, while rich in natural resources. Brazil has an important role in the steel industry, these two activities now represent the largest contributors to greenhouse gases responsible for the greenhouse effect. Looking at this point, the purpose of this paper is analyze the technical, economic and environmental aspects of replacing part of the coal, commonly used in blast furnace, for some agribusiness waste as sugarcane bagasse, moringa oleifera husk and maize cob and straw. Some researches appointed that is possible to replace around 40% of the coal without change the process and bring some economics and environmental gains.

References:
Assis, C.F.C., Tenório, J.A.S., Assis, P.S., Nath, N.K., 2014a. Experimental simulation and analysis of agricultural waste injection as an alternative fuel for blast furnace. ACS Energy&Fuels, v.28, p. 7268-7273.\nCampos, A.M.A, Novack, K.M., Assis, P.S. Uses Of The Husk From Moringa Oleifera Seed For Blast Furnace Injection, ABMWeek 2018, São Paulo-SP, Brazil.\nFAO, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2018. Production of crops. Available at: http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data.\nMachado, L.A.; Habib, M. Perspectivas e impactos da cultura de cana-de-açúcar no Brasil. 2009. Available at: <http://www.infobibos.com/Artigos/2009_2/Cana/index.htm>. \nOrth, A., Anastasijevic, N., Eichberger, H., Low CO2 emission technologies for iron and steelmaking as well as titania slag production, Minerals Engineering, 2007, volume 20, issued 9, pp. 854-861.\nPrundergraund. The 2015 Global Moringa Meet updates Moringa Export Market Trend, Upward Integration & Opportunities, 2015. Available at: <http://www.prunderground.com/the-2015-global-moringa-meet-updates-moringa-export-market-trend-upward-integration-opportunities/0064082/>\nRAMOS e PAULA, L. E. , de et al . Characterization of Residues from Plant Biomass for Use in energy Generation. Cerne, Lavras , v. 17, n. 2, p. 237-246, abr./jun. 2011. \nRethink the Rust Belt, 2013. Available at: http://siliconrustbelt.com/rethink-the-rust-belt/\nSuopajärvi, H., Pongrácz, E., Fabritius, T., 2013. The potential of using biomass-based reducing agentes in blast furnace: A review of Thermochemical conversion Technologies and assenssments related to sustainability. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 25, 511-528p.\nSuopajärvi, H., Kemppainen, A., Haapakangas, J., Fabritius, T., 2017. Extensive review of the opportunities to use biomass-based fuels in iron and steelmaking processes. Journal of Cleaner Production, v.148, p.709-734.\nWang, C., Mellin,P., Lövgren,J., Nilsson,L., Yang,W., Salman,H., Hultgren,A., Larsson,M.,2015. Biomass as blast furnace injectant-Considering availability, pretreatment and deployment in the Swedish steel industry. Energy Conversion and Management, v.102, p.217-226.

SESSION: IronFriAM-R8	Usui International Symposium on Advanced Sustainable Iron and Steel Making (7th Intl. Symp. on Advanced Sustainable Iron and Steel Making)
Fri Oct, 25 2019 / Room: Ambrosia B (77/RF)
Session Chairs: Masaaki Naito; Oleg Ostrovski; Session Monitor: TBA

11:20: [IronFriAM01] Plenary
Gaseous Reduction of Iron Ore Agglomerates --- Reaction Behavior and Reaction Models
Tateo Usui¹ ; Masaaki Naito² ; Hirotoshi Kawabata³ ; Hideki Ono⁴ ; Hirokazu Konishi³ ; Paulo Assis⁵ ; ¹Osaka University, Ibaraki, Japan; ²Nippon Steel Technology Corporation, Futtsu, Japan; ³Osaka University, Suita, Japan; ⁴University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; ⁵UFOP, Ouro Preto, Brazil;
Paper Id: 437 [Abstract]

Gaseous reduction behavior of iron oxide pellets and iron ore sinter with CO and H₂ were studied experimentally. In reaction models for gaseous reduction of iron ore agglomerates, the formations of both unreacted-core shrinking (UCS) model for one interface and UCS model for three interfaces and the developments of multi-stage zone-reaction models without and with considering solid-state diffusion are summarized; these models were used mainly for pellets but sometimes used for sinter. UCS model for six interfaces in consideration of quaternary calcium ferrite reduction process was newly developed for sinter. Comparisons of these reaction models for pellets and sinter were carried out by using experimental data on gaseous reduction of these iron ore agglomerates.

References:
1 T. Usui, M. Naito, T. Murayama and Z. Morita: Kinetic Analysis on Gaseous Reduction of Agglomerates, Part 1, Reaction Models for Gaseous Reduction of Agglomerates (in Japanese), Tetsu-to-Hagané, 80 (1994), 431-439.

2 T. Usui, M. Ohmi, M. Naito, H. Kamiya, Y. Oshima and Z. Morita: Kinetic Analyses on the Rate of Gaseous Reduction of Single Particles and Packed Beds of Iron Ore Agglomerates, Proceedings of The Julian Szekely Memorial Symposium on Materials Processing, ed. by H. Y. Sohn, J. W. Evans and D. Apelian, (October, 1997, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A.), 67-80, TMS.

3 M. Ohmi, T. Usui, M. Naito and Y. Minamide: Experimental Study of the Resistance Due to the Rate of Gas Flow on the Hydrogen Reduction of an Iron Oxide Pellet, Tetsu-to-Hagané (in Japanese), 67 (1981), 1943-1951; Trans. ISIJ (Transactions of the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan), 23 (1983), 81-89

4 M. Ohmi and T. Usui: Study on the Rate of Reduction of Single Iron Oxide Pellet with Hydrogen (in Japanese), Tetsu-to-Hagané, 59 (1973), 1888-1901; On the Unreacted-core Shrinking Model for Reduction of a Single Hematite Pellet with Hydrogen, Trans. ISIJ, 16 (1976), 77-84.

5 M. Ohmi, M. Naito and T. Usui: Applicability of Three Interface Model to the Analysis of Reduction Rate of Iron Oxide Pellets with Hydrogen, Technology Reports of the Osaka University, 34 (1984), No.1743, 19-27.

6 T. Usui, M. Ohmi and E. Yamamura: Analysis of Rate of Hydrogen Reduction of Porous Wustite Pellets Basing on Zone-reaction Models, Tetsu-to-Hagané (in Japanese), 72 (1986), 1263-1270; ISIJ International, 30 (1990), 347-355.

7 M. Ohmi, M. Naito and T. Usui: Multi-stage Zone-reaction Model for the Gaseous Reduction of Porous Hematite Pellets (in Japanese), Tetsu-to-Hagané, 68 (1982), 592- 601.

8 M. Ohmi and T. Usui: Improved Theory on the Rate of Reduction of Single Particles and Fixed Beds of Iron Oxide Pellets with Hydrogen, Trans. ISIJ, 22 (1982), 66-74.

9 M. Ohmi, M. Naito and T. Usui: Kinetic Analysis of Hydrogen Reduction of Various Hematite Pellets on the Basis of the Multi-stage Zone-reaction Models (in Japanese), Tetsu-to-Hagané, 69 (1983), 546-555.

10 M. Ohmi, M. Naito and T. Usui: Effects of Various Factors on the Reduction Rate of Hematite Pellets with Hydrogen (in Japanese), Tetsu-to-Hagané, 68 (1982), 1503-1512.

11 M. Ohmi, M. Naito and T. Usui: Multi-stage Zone-reaction Model with Solid-state Diffusion for the Hydrogen Reduction of Porous Hematite Pellets (in Japanese), Tetsu-to-Hagané, 69 (1983), 363-370.

12 T. Usui, M. Ohmi, S. Hirashima and N. Kitagawa: Kinetic Analysis on the Rate of Stepwise Reduction of a Single Sinter with CO-CO2-N2 Gas Mixture (in Japanese), Tetsu-to-Hagané, 73 (1987), 1956-1963.

13 T. Usui, M. Ohmi, S. Kaneda, M. Ohmasa and Z. Morita: Re-examination of Method of Kinetic Analysis on the Rate of Stepwise Reduction of a Single Sinter Particle with CO-CO₂-N₂ Gas Mixture, ISIJ International, 31 (1991), 425-433.

14 T. Usui, M. Ohmi, N. Kitagawa, S. Kaneda, H. Kawabata and Z. Morita: Change of Sinter Minerals and Final Fractional Reduction in the Reduction Stage from Hematite to Magnetite with CO-CO₂-N₂ Gas Mixture (in Japanese), Tetsu-to-Hagané, 77 (1991), 1251-1258.

15 T. Usui, H. Kawabata, T. Fujimori, I. Fukuda and Z. Morita: Influence of CO Ratio and Reduction Temperature upon the Reducibility of Calcium Ferrite in Sinter in the Initial Stage of Reduction with CO-CO₂-N₂ Gas Mixture (in Japanese), Tetsu-to-Hagané, 78 (1992), 982-989.

16 H. Ono-Nakazato, Y. Tsubone, Y. Takaki and T. Usui: Measurement of Hydrogen Reduction Rates of FeO in 2FeO.SiO₂ and CaO.FeO.SiO₂ (in Japanese), Tetsu-to-Hagané, 87 (2001), 320-326.

17 T. Usui, Y. Nakamuro, M. Nishi, M. Naito, H. Ono and Paulo S. Assis: Gaseous Reduction Model for Sinter in Consideration of Calcium Ferrite Reaction Process (Unreacted-core Shrinking Model for Six Interfaces), Tetsu-to-Hagané (in Japanese), 100 (2014), 294-301; ISIJ International, 55 (2015), 1617-1624.

18 T. Murayama, T. Usui, M. Naito and Y. Ono: Kinetic Analysis on Gaseous Reduction of Agglomerates, Part 2, Rate Parameters Included in the Mathematical Model for Gaseous Reduction of Agglomerates (in Japanese), Tetsu-to-Hagané, 80 (1994), 493-500.

19 M. Naito, T. Murayama and T. Usui: Kinetic Analysis on Gaseous Reduction of Agglomerates, Part 3, Application of Gaseous Reduction Models for Agglomerates to Blast Furnace Analysis (in Japanese), Tetsu-to-Hagané, 80 (1994), 581-586.

20 T. Usui, H. Konishi, K. Ichikawa, H. Ono, H. Kawabata, Francisco B. Pena, Matheus H. Souza, Alexandre A. Xavier and Paulo S. Assis: Evaluation of Carbonisation Gas from Coal and Woody Biomass and Reduction Rate of Carbon Composite Pellets, Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, Special Issue on Biomass Materials for Metallurgical Applications, Vol. 2018, Article ID 3807609, (2018), pp.1 – 14.

SESSION: IronFriAM-R8	Usui International Symposium on Advanced Sustainable Iron and Steel Making (7th Intl. Symp. on Advanced Sustainable Iron and Steel Making)
Fri Oct, 25 2019 / Room: Ambrosia B (77/RF)
Session Chairs: Masaaki Naito; Oleg Ostrovski; Session Monitor: TBA

12:10: [IronFriAM03] Invited
Influence of Basicity on Reduction Rate of Iron Oxide
Hirokazu Konishi¹ ; Tateo Usui² ; Hideki Ono³ ; ¹Osaka University, Suita, Japan; ²Osaka University, Ibaraki, Japan; ³University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan;
Paper Id: 273 [Abstract]

Since reducibility of iron oxide in iron ore directly affects the amount of CO₂ from BF, the enhancement of reducibility of iron oxide is important to reduce CO₂ emissions. The iron ore grade, however, becomes lower year by year. Gangue in iron ore is increasing especially in Al₂O₃. It is observed that the reducibility of sintered iron oxide pellets decreases with the increase of Al₂O₃ content in softening and melting zones over 1373 K in BF. Besides, it is reported that the initial melt formation temperature drops and the amount of melt increases with the increase of Al₂O₃ content [1]. Since molten oxide formed inside sintered iron oxide pellets causes pore occlusion [2], melt formation can affect reducibility in the softening and melting zones. Therefore, it is required to determine the effect of melt on reduction behavior to enhance reducibility of sintered iron oxide pellets. We focused on the reduction behavior and rate of sintered iron oxide pellets on the initial melt formation stage and investigated the effect of melt on the reducibility of iron oxide. The sample was prepared by sintering a mixture of Fe₂O₃, CaO, SiO₂, and Al₂O₃ regent powder. Reduction experiments were carried out to clarify the reduction behavior of a sample from 1273 K to 1473 K and to determine the effect of melt on reduction rate of a sample at 1473 K. The microstructure of a sample was observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and porosity was estimated by an image analysis technique.

References:
[1] H. Konishi, H. Kawabata, H. Ono and E. Takeuchi, Advanced Experimental Mechanics, 1(2016), 251.\n[2] H. Kawabata, Y. Iwaki, H. Konishi, H. Ono, T. Usui, E. Takeuchi, M. Naito, T. Nishimura and K. Higuchi: Journal of JSEM, 16(2016), 20.

SESSION: IronSatAM-R8	Usui International Symposium on Advanced Sustainable Iron and Steel Making (7th Intl. Symp. on Advanced Sustainable Iron and Steel Making)
Sat Oct, 26 2019 / Room: Ambrosia B (77/RF)
Session Chairs: Tateo Usui; Masashi Nakamoto; Session Monitor: TBA

12:10: [IronSatAM03]
Methods to Remove Tramp Elements in Steel for Recycling Ferrous Scraps
Hideki Ono¹ ; Kenji Taguchi² ; Katsuhiro Yamaguchi³ ; Tateo Usui⁴ ; ¹University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; ²Nippon Stool Corporation, Tokai City, Japan; ³Kobe Steel, Ltd., Kobe City, Japan; ⁴Osaka University, Ibaraki, Japan;
Paper Id: 416 [Abstract]

For preserving the environment and preventing the resource depletion, it is important to extend the allowance of recycling low grade ferrous scraps in iron- and steel-making. It is well known that the recycling also contributes to the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from iron- and steel-making processes. However, lower grade ferrous scraps generally contain more tramp elements, such as copper and tin. It is difficult to remove such tramp elements from molten iron in iron- and steel-making processes. Highly-concentrated tramp elements negatively affect the quality of steel. For example, it is well known that copper in steel causes hot shortness by concentrated melting of copper onto the surface in hot-rolling process. In this work, the possibilities of removing impurities from molten iron by oxidation and evaporation, which are usual methods in metal refining, are firstly investigated. Of all the elements which are dissolved in molten iron, Cu, Sn Ni, Co, Mo and W are found to be difficult to be removed by such usual methods as oxidation and evaporation [1]. Subsequently, the prospective methods to remove such tramp elements are discussed. Copper, which is one of the most important tramp elements in iron, can be removed by evaporation [2] or by sulfurization [3]. As the other methods, the possibilities to remove copper in molten iron by oxidation [4] and by reduction are considered, and the lowering limits by these methods have been investigated.

References:
[1] H. Ono: CAMP-ISIJ, 31(2018), 40.
[2] H. Ono, K. Taguchi, Y. Seike and T. Usui: ISIJ Inter., 43(2003), 1691.
[3] T. Imai and N.Sano: Tetsu-to-Hagané, 74(1988), 640.
[4] K. Yamaguchi, H. Ono and T. Usui: Tetsu-to-Hagané, 96(2010), 531.

SESSION: IronSatAM-R8	Usui International Symposium on Advanced Sustainable Iron and Steel Making (7th Intl. Symp. on Advanced Sustainable Iron and Steel Making)
Sat Oct, 26 2019 / Room: Ambrosia B (77/RF)
Session Chairs: Tateo Usui; Masashi Nakamoto; Session Monitor: TBA

12:35: [IronSatAM04] Invited
Antifouling activity of natural products of marine macroalgae against the Limnoperna fortunei - Golden Mussel. A review.
Camila Freitas De Araújo¹ ; Alex Campos² ; Adriano Batista³ ; Bernardo Da Gama⁴ ; Renato Crespo Pereira⁵ ; Rodrigo Pinheiro De Almeida Santos⁶ ; Bruna Helena Malovini Loiola⁷ ; Paulo Assis⁸ ; Tateo Usui⁹ ; ¹Federal University of Ouro Preto - UFOP/REDEMAT, Ouro Preto, Brazil; ²Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Branco, Brazil; ³IFMG, Ouro Preto, Brazil; ⁴UFF, Niterói, Brazil; ⁵Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; ⁶Departamento de Biologia Marinha - Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil; ⁷Federal University of Ouro Preto - REDEMAT, Ouro Preto, Brazil; ⁸University of Ouro Preto / REDEMAT, Ouro Preto, Brazil; ⁹Osaka University, Ibaraki, Japan;
Paper Id: 365 [Abstract]

AUTHORS and AFFILIATION:
Camila Freitas de Araújo – Civil Engineer, Graduate Student at REDEMAT/UFOP, Ouro Preto, Brazil (camilafr.eng@gmail.com).
Alex Milton Albergaria Campos – MSc Metallurgical Engineer, Graduate Student at REDEMAT/UFOP, Ouro Preto, Brazil (alexcampos88@yahoo.com.br).
Adriano Corrêa Batista – Professor, DSc Instituto Federal de Minas Gerais, Ouro Preto, Brazil (adrianocorrea77@gmail.com).
Bernardo Antônio Perez da Gama – Professor, PhD UFF, Niterói, Brazil (bapgama@gmail.com).
Renato Crespo Pereira – Professor, DSc UFF, Niterói, Brazil (rcrespo@id.uff.br).
Rodrigo Pinheiro de Almeida Santos – Doctoral Student at UFF, Niterói, Brazil (pinheiro153@gmail.com).
Bruna Helena Malovini Loiola – Metallurgical Engineer, Graduate Student at REDEMAT/UFOP, Ouro Preto, Brazil (malovinibruna@gmail.com).
Paulo Santos Assis –Professor, PhD REDEMAT/UFOP, Ouro Preto, Brazil (assis@ufop.edu.br).
Tateo Usui – Professor emeritus, DSc Osaka University, Suita, Japan (usui@mat.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp).

Abstract
The golden mussel (Limnoperna fortunei) is a species of bivalve mollusc introduced in Brazil via ballast water in the 1990s. Given the biological and ecological characteristics of the species, as well as the favorable environment in the country for its proliferation, the golden mussel has become an exotic invasive species that has caused several problems in the aquatic environment because of its ability to form colonies in structures. The species adheres on the surfaces by protein filaments, causing serious environmental, social and economic damages, provoking structural and functional alterations in the ecosystems and damages to the human activities.
The challenge presented consists of biological fouling combat through treating underwater surfaces with freshwater natural products, in particular those from red algae. Fouling control tends to arouse the interest of shipbuilders, marine vessel operators, fish farming in tanks and hydroelectric power plants. In Brazil, the chemical treatment against the incrustation of the golden mussel, for example, made only in three hydroelectric power plants in Minas Gerais, has annual cost of R$ 1,494,000.00 [1].
With the worldwide ban of TBT-based antifouling paints since 2008, alternative, environmentally safe treatments gain more appeal, considering the risk associated with the alternative products currently in use. Natural marine products have since been recognized as a promising alternative for the replacement of commercially used antifouling until the moment [2].
A selection of natural seaweed products with antifouling activity may provide effective results with little or no environmental impact compared to currently used products [3], while contributing to the understanding of ecological functions and mechanisms of metabolic production secondary. At least 18 different regulatory biocides are currently being used as an alternative to tributyltin free antifouling paints, but these also pose some threat to the aquatic environment. In fact, even biocide-free antifouling paints are toxic to marine organisms over a broad spectrum [4]. For this reason there is still an urgent demand for new low-impact anti-fouling products.
This article aims to disseminate this broad line of research and consolidate information about the potential of marine organisms as producers of secondary metabolites (natural products) with antifouling activity, in the light of scientific production.

Key words: Golden Mussel; red algae; anti-fouling products; secondary metabolites; tributyltin.

References:
REFERENCES:\n[1] CEMIG. Companhia Energética de Minas Gerais. O mexilhão Dourado, uma ameaça às águas e hidrelétricas brasileiras. Ed. CEMIG, Belo Horizonte, p. 24, 2014.\n\n[2] Bhadury, P.& Wright, P.C. (2004). Exploitation of marine algae: biogenic compounds for potential antifouling applications. Planta, v. 219, p. 561–578.\n\n[3] DA GAMA, B. A. P. et al. The Effects of Seaweed Secondary Metabolites on Biofouling. Biofouling, v. 18, n. 1, p. 13-20, 2002.\n\n[4] Löschau, M.&Krätke, R. (2005). Efficacy and toxicity of self-polishing biocide-free antifouling paints. Environmental Pollution, v. 138, p. 260–267.

SESSION: IronSatPM1-R8	Usui International Symposium on Advanced Sustainable Iron and Steel Making (7th Intl. Symp. on Advanced Sustainable Iron and Steel Making)
Sat Oct, 26 2019 / Room: Ambrosia B (77/RF)
Session Chairs: Cyro Takano; Mery-Cecilia Gomez-Marroquin; Session Monitor: TBA

14:50: [IronSatPM107] Invited
Hierarchizing BOF Slopping Variables from Big Data Analysis
Bruna Helena Malovini Loiola¹ ; Carlos Antônio Silva¹ ; Henrique Silva Furtado² ; Camila Freitas De Araújo³ ; Paulo Assis⁴ ; Tateo Usui⁵ ; Alex Campos⁶ ; ¹Federal University of Ouro Preto - REDEMAT, Ouro Preto, Brazil; ²+55 27 33483601, Vitoria, Brazil; ³Federal University of Ouro Preto - UFOP/REDEMAT, Ouro Preto, Brazil; ⁴University of Ouro Preto / REDEMAT, Ouro Preto, Brazil; ⁵Osaka University, Ibaraki, Japan; ⁶Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Branco, Brazil;
Paper Id: 371 [Abstract]

AUTHORS and AFFILIATION:
Bruna Helena Malovini Loiola – Metallurgical Engineer, Graduate Student at REDEMAT/UFOP, Ouro Preto, Brazil (malovinibruna@gmail.com);
Carlos Antônio da Silva – Professor, PhD REDEMAT/UFOP, Ouro Preto, Brazil (casilva@ufop.edu.br);
Henrique Silva Furtado – DSc. Eng. ArcelorMittal Global R&D South America, Vitória, Brazil (henrique.furtado@arcelormittal.com.br);
Camila Freitas de Araújo – Civil engineer, Graduate Student at REDEMAT/UFOP, Ouro Preto, Brazil (camilafr.eng@gmail.com). Alex Milton Albergaria Campos – MSc. Metallurgical Engineer, Graduate Student at REDEMAT/UFOP, Ouro Preto, Brazil (alexcampos88@yahoo.com.br)

Paulo Santos Assis – Professor, PhD REDEMAT/UFOP, Ouro Preto, Brazil (assis@ufop.edu.br);
Tateo Usui – Professor emeritus, DSc Osaka University, Suita, Japan (usui@mat.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp).
ABSTRACT

Slopping is a phenomenon which is observed when the volume the emulsion inside of BOF (Basic Oxygen Furnace) is excessive and a fraction of slag and metal is then expelled. This phenomenon concerns steelmakers since it leads to material losses, health hazards, reduction of refining efficiency and, mainly, environmental issues. Big Data files from a steelmaking shop in Brazil have been analysed in order to identify the central causes of the slopping. Statistical techniques including Multivariate Analyzes have been employed in order to identify the main variables that affect slopping. Statistica, Genes and Rbio software were used to do so; also principal components, path analysis, and correlation network were chosen as tools. It was possible to identify and hierarchize the variables most affecting slopping in good agreement with literature. The resulting variables can be used to a model to generate anticipate slopping..


Key-words: Slopping; Emulsion; BOF; Multivariate Analyzes.

References:
[1] Rizzo, E. M. D. S. Processos de refino primário dos aços nos convertedores a oxigênio. São Paulo: ABM, 2006.
[2] Fruehan, R. et al. The Making, Shaping and Treating of Steel. 10. ed. Pittsburgh: AISE Steel Foundation, 1998.
[3] Bramming M. 2010. Avoiding Slopping in Top-Blown BOS Vessels [thesis]. Lulea: Lulea.
University of Technology.
[4] Walker, D. I.; Kemeny, F. L.; Jones, J. A. T. Vessel Slopping Detection. AISTech 2005 Proceedings - Volume I. Pittisburgo: AIST. 2005. p. 711-720.
[5] Evestedt, M. et al. Slopping Warning System for the LD Converter Processe - An Extended Evaluation Study. Lulea University of Technology, Lulea, 2007.