ORALS
SESSION:
NanomaterialsSatPM2-R11
| 6th Intl. Symp. on Synthesis and Properties of Nanomaterials for Future Energy Demands |
| Sat Oct, 26 2019 / Room: Coralino | |
| Session Chairs: Lucian Pintilie; Tetiana Prikhna; Session Monitor: TBA |
16:45: [NanomaterialsSatPM211]
Magnetic Materials employed in Electric Vehicles Marcos
De Campos1 ; Jose Adilson
De Castro
1 ;
1UFF - Federal Fluminense University, Volta Redonda, Brazil;
Paper Id: 207
[Abstract] A subject of recent interest nowadays is electric and hybrid cars. Most of the high-efficiency motors use magnets in the rotors because this saves the current used in the magnetization of the soft magnetic material. The IE4 European efficiency specification (Super Premium Efficiency) also request motors with magnets in order to achieve the specifications of the manufacturers. Thus, it is forecasted that the market of magnets for electric motors should increase considerably in the forthcoming years.
The electric vehicles industry put emphasis on the optimization of batteries and on the reduction of the weight of the cars. The increase of efficiency of the motors, however, has been much neglected, especially from the material point-of-view.
The idea presented here in this paper is that both the soft magnetic material and the hard magnetic material need to be optimized at the same time [1]. For example, by using a better soft magnetic material, the losses are reduced, and also, less heat is generated. Thus, a magnet without Dysprosium can be used since optimized electric steels are used. The recent motors designed for electric vehicles can work at very high frequencies. In this case, resistivity of the magnets is an issue. Axial flux machines are in development nowadays. Some of the prototypes of axial flux machines use strontium ferrite magnets. One reason for the choice of ferrites is that the resistivity of ferrites is much lower than in the case of NdFeB or SmCo magnets.
The automotive industry is a mass production industry and requests cheap materials. Thus, there is pressure for avoiding expensive magnets which use Dysprosium or Terbium. Most of the manufacturers of electric motors, however, need magnets with high coercivity which is specified in the motor design. In these motors, irreversible reversal of magnetization of even parts of the grains of the magnets is a big problem, resulting in reduction of motor performance. This motivates the choice of high coercivity NdPrFeB type magnets. SmCoFeCuZr would have excellent performance, but the high cost of cobalt makes its use avoidable.
In this paper, we discuss how to model the losses in soft magnetic materials (electric steels) and also on the magnets. One relevant result of the modeling is that rotors with surface mounted magnets expose the magnet to high fields and strong eddy currents. Thus, buried magnets are a better option. Several types of magnet configurations have been tested as the V type used in the Toyota Prius and Tesla Model 3, the double V used in the GM Chevy Volt and the Delta type used by the Nissan Leaf. Many manufacturers have opted for the V type, but the concept used by BMW i3, the Hybrid Synchronous motors, is a possibility. The motor of the Tesla Model 3 makes use of the Halbach effect, and the benefits of using the Halbach array will be discussed. The Halbach array allows the soft magnetic material (the electrical steel) to be magnetized at the fields near the magnetic saturation.
References:
[1] M. F. de Campos. Magnetic Materials for Motors of Electric Cars. In: Proceedings of 2018 Rare Earth Permanent Magnets and Advanced Magnetic Materials and Their Applications REPM 2018, Beijing, China, August 26-30, 2018. p. A0414-01-A0414-11.
SESSION:
SISAMThuPM3-R3
C: Processing cont. | Kobe International Symposium on Science of Innovative and Sustainable Alloys and Magnets (5th Intl. Symp. on Science of Intelligent and Sustainable Advanced Materials (SISAM)) |
| Thu Oct, 24 2019 / Room: Dr. Christian Bernard | |
| Session Chairs: Allan Walton; Session Monitor: TBA |
17:50: [SISAMThuPM313]
Effect of grain size on the coercive field of hard and soft magnetic materials Marcos
De Campos1 ; Jose Adilson
De Castro
1 ;
1UFF - Federal Fluminense University, Volta Redonda, Brazil;
Paper Id: 208
[Abstract] Several models for predicting the effect of grain size on the coercive field are presented and discussed.
For small grain size, near the mono domain grain size, a law Hc ~ 1 / D0.5 has been observed [1]. Here, Hc is the coercive field and D is the grain size. For sintered NdFeB and Strontium ferrites, the Hc ~ 1 / D0.5 law has been experimentally confirmed.
For very large grain size, however, a case of soft magnetic materials as electric steels, a Hc ~ 1 / D is observed [2].
The origin of these different behaviors is discussed [3].
We also discuss how to evaluate the effect of grain size on the coercive field by means of a nucleation model.
References:
[1] M. F de Campos. Effect of Grain Size on the Coercivity of Sintered NdFeB Magnets. Materials Science Forum, v. 660, p. 284-289, 2010.\n[2] M. F. de Campos. A General Coercivity Model for Soft Magnetic Materials. Materials Science Forum, v. 727-728, p. 157-162, 2012.\n[3] M. F. de Campos. Coercivity Mechanism in Hard and Soft Sintered Magnetic Materials. Materials Science Forum , v. 802, p. 563-568, 2014.
SESSION:
SISAMFriAM-R3
D: Sustainable resources | Kobe International Symposium on Science of Innovative and Sustainable Alloys and Magnets (5th Intl. Symp. on Science of Intelligent and Sustainable Advanced Materials (SISAM)) |
| Fri Oct, 25 2019 / Room: Dr. Christian Bernard | |
| Session Chairs: George Hadjipanayis; Session Monitor: TBA |
12:35: [SISAMFriAM04]
Current Trends In Recycling, Usage and Market of Rare-Earths Marcos
De Campos1 ; Jose Adilson
De Castro
1 ;
1UFF - Federal Fluminense University, Volta Redonda, Brazil;
Paper Id: 198
[Abstract] Here is presented an overview on the usage and application of rare-earths, and also of the rare-earth market. This overview will focus on recent trends.
The low price of rare-earths have discouraged some mining projects, such as that of Brazilian company CBMM which decided to keep focusing on niobium production. Serra Verde, a Brazilian mining company, however, promised to start production in the next decade of heavy rare-earths as dysprosium.
The Mountain Pass Californian mine returned to produce rare-earths, and now has an annual production of similar size as the Australian mine Lynas. Both Lynas and Mountain Pass focus on light rare-earths. Mountain Pass sends the rare-earth concentrate for further processing in China. Myanmar also had significant production of rare-earths last year, with an amount near that of Lynas and Mountain Pass. The Neodymium oxide prices have decreased 10% since the beginning of 2019.
Both Neodymium and Praseodymium are seen as essential for electric cars. Each electric car uses ~1 -1.5 kg of NdPr-Fe-B type magnets [1]. Giant wind turbines, constructed without gearbox, which avoids maintenance problems, need tons of NdPr-Fe-B magnets.
The Europium price is low at the present time, and has been below the Holmium price. Both Gadolinium and Holmium have been used as alloying elements in rare-earth magnets.
Terbium is in high demand, which is attributed to the application of Tb in Terbium-diffused magnets. Dysprosium also is seen as necessary to increase the temperature of operation of the magnets.
Cerium and Lanthanum are in large oversupply. Application of Cerium as red pigment (Ce2S3) has been proposed. Use of cerium base red pigments would avoid use of cadmium or molybdenum-chromium.
Recycling of fluorescent lightbulbs for recovering Europium and Terbium is possible, but the low price of Europium is a problem for economic feasibility. Now, LED lightbulbs, which use much less are-earths than fluorescent lightbulbs, are dominating the market.
Recycling of Magnets is possible, since there is standardization of commercial magnets. An enormous amount of energy is spent in the magnet production. If only the rare-earth oxide, such as neodymium oxide, is recovered, the energy used in the process is lost. The re-use of magnets is the best option for rare-earth magnet recycling.
References:
[1] MF de Campos. Magnetic Materials for Motors of Electric Cars. In: Proceedings of the 25th International Workshop on Rare Earth Permanent Magnets and Advanced Magnetic Materials and Their Applications REPM 2018, Beijing, China, August 26-30, 2018. p. A0414-01-A0414-11.
13:00 LUNCH
SESSION:
IronThuAM-R8
| Usui International Symposium on Advanced Sustainable Iron and Steel Making (7th Intl. Symp. on Advanced Sustainable Iron and Steel Making) |
| Thu Oct, 24 2019 / Room: Ambrosia B (77/RF) | |
| Session Chairs: Akinori Murao; Lauri Holappa; Session Monitor: TBA |
12:10: [IronThuAM03] Keynote
Hydrogen and Natural Gas: The new alternatives for Siderurgy Marcos
De Campos1 ; Jose Adilson
De Castro
1 ;
1UFF - Federal Fluminense University, Volta Redonda, Brazil;
Paper Id: 334
[Abstract] The use of Hydrogen and natural gas promise a revolution in Syderurgy.
At the present time, the cost of wind and solar energy are decreasing [1] and also, new sources of natural gas have been discovered [2,3].
As a consequence, cheap electric energy can be available in a near future, as well as natural gas. This opens new possibilities for the energy use in Steelmaking [4].
Electric energy can be used for generating hydrogen, for use in reduction processes.
In this talk, the many possibilities for application of hydrogen and natural gas in Syderurgy are discussed.
Direct reduction processes based on shaft furnaces can open new possibilities for mini mill facilities.
A detailed model for the direct reduction of iron oxides in the shaft furnace was developed [5]. This model can be used to simulate the steady state condition of a commercial shaft furnace for pellets and lump ore reductions.
The model is able to predict the productivity and efficiency of the gas shaft furnace.
References:
[1] Chestney, Nina. “Solar, Onshore Wind Costs Set to Fall below New Fossil Fuel Energy: Report.” <i>Business Insider</i>, Reuters, 29 May 2019, www.businessinsider.com/solar-onshore-wind-costs-set-to-fall-below-new-fossil-fuel-energy-report-2019-5. Accessed June 18, 2019.
[2] Petrobras. “Petrobras Clarifies on Natural Gas Discovery in the Sergipe Basin.” <i>Petrobras</i>, 17 June 2019, www.investidorpetrobras.com.br/enu/15008/c-15008-enu.html. Accessed June 18, 2019.
[3] World Oil. “Petrobrás Makes Biggest Gas Discovery in the Sergipe Basin since 2006.” <i>World Oil - Upstream News</i>, 17 June 2019, www.worldoil.com/news/2019/6/17/petrobr%C3%A1s-makes-biggest-gas-discovery-in-the-sergipe-basin-since-2006. Accessed June 18, 2019.
[4] World Steel Association. “Energy Use in the Steel Industry.” <i>World Steel</i>, Apr. 2019, www.worldsteel.org/en/dam/jcr:f07b864c-908e-4229-9f92-669f1c3abf4c/fact_energy_2019.pdf. Accessed June 18, 2019.
[5] Castro, José Adilson de, Rocha, Elisa Pinto, Oliveira, Elizabeth Mendes de, Campos, Marcos Flavio, & Francisco, Alexandre Santos. (2018). Mathematical modeling of the shaft furnace process for producing DRI based on the multiphase theory. REM - International Engineering Journal, 71(1), 81-87. http://www.scielo.br/pdf/remi/v71n1/2448-167X-remi-71-01-0081.pdf. Accessed June 18, 2019.
SESSION:
IronThuAM-R8
| Usui International Symposium on Advanced Sustainable Iron and Steel Making (7th Intl. Symp. on Advanced Sustainable Iron and Steel Making) |
| Thu Oct, 24 2019 / Room: Ambrosia B (77/RF) | |
| Session Chairs: Akinori Murao; Lauri Holappa; Session Monitor: TBA |
12:35: [IronThuAM04]
A Combined Thermochemical and Biotechnological Route to Produce Hydrogen Using Cassava Residues: Preliminary Results and Materials Characterization Cintia De Faria Ferreira
Carraro1 ; Carla Cristina De Almeida
Loures
1 ; Jose Adilson
De Castro
2 ;
1CEFET-Angra dos Reis, Angra dos Reis, Brazil;
2UFF - Federal Fluminense University, Volta Redonda, Brazil;
Paper Id: 227
[Abstract] The industry of cassava represents an important source of residues commonly released in the environment. Special concerns are raised about the cassava bagasse and the waste water residue produced during the processing steps. In this study, we propose a sustainable route, which involves two steps of gas production. A first step uses the cassava bagasse in a thermal reactor to produce rich hydrogen gas suitable for use in the direct reduction processes. Then the waste water is treated in a biotechnological reactor using algae to produce hydrogen. To characterize the thermochemical processing step of the cassava bagasse decomposition, thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) and simultaneous differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were carried out in a broader range of temperature and gas flow rates. This was done using the design of experiment techniques (DOE) to draw generalized correlations. In the second step of the waste water processing treatment, the concentrations and the culture conditions of the Chlorella minutissima microalgae were investigated. This was done to design feasible controllable parameters to maximize hydrogen production under the laboratory batch. Results indicated that gasification of the cassava bagasse presented high conversion rates in the temperature range of 600-700°C. Additionally, the microalgae conversion is proved possible in near environment temperatures under a controlled environment.
References:
[1] SOCCOL, C.R. Biotechnological products from cassava roots by solid state fermentation. Journal of Scientific and insdutrial research, v.55p. 358-364, 1996.
[2] NAJAFI, G.; GHOBADIAN, B.; YUSAF, T. F. Algae as a sustainable energy source for biofuel production in Iran: a case study. Renew Sustain Energy, v. 15, p. 3870-3876, 2011.
13:00 LUNCH
SESSION:
IronThuPM1-R8
| Usui International Symposium on Advanced Sustainable Iron and Steel Making (7th Intl. Symp. on Advanced Sustainable Iron and Steel Making) |
| Thu Oct, 24 2019 / Room: Ambrosia B (77/RF) | |
| Session Chairs: Jose Adilson de Castro; Basant Kumar Singh; Session Monitor: TBA |
14:00: [IronThuPM105] Keynote
Hydrogen Shaft Furnace Process Using Bio-Self-Reducing Agglomerates Jose Adilson
De Castro1 ; Giulio
Antunes De Medeiros
2 ; Jonni Guiller
Ferreira Madeira
3 ; Elizabeth
Oliveira
4 ;
Marcos
De Campos1 ;
1UFF - Federal Fluminense University, Volta Redonda, Brazil;
2UFF-Programa de Pos Graduação em Engenharia Metalurgica, Volta Redonda, Brazil;
3CEFET-Angra dos Reis, Angra dos Reis, Brazil;
4Center for Technological Education Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Valenca, Brazil;
Paper Id: 206
[Abstract] The reduction of pellets and lump ores in the shaft furnace process is widely used to produce direct reduced iron (DRI). The traditional process of DRI production uses a gas reforming system based on catalytic reactions and demands high amount of fossil source energy from natural gas. A new hydrogen-based process has been proposed. In this study, we propose to combine self-reducing characteristics with hydrogen technology with self-catalytic reactions to avoid the natural gas-based reforming step. We analyzed this new technology using an in-house computational code. The computational analysis is a numerical model based on transport equations of momentum, energy and chemical species for gas and solid phases to reproduce the inner phenomena in the direct reduction of the shaft furnace process for producing DRI. The model is used to investigate promising scenarios of hydrogen-based technology. Four cases were considered using partial replacement of the burden by bio-self-reducing agglomerates combining with hydrogen and oxygen injections on the bustle level. The inner temperature, pressure and phase composition distributions are discussed for the selected scenarios. The simulation results indicated that the efficiency of the process can be improved with the adequate choice of operational parameters and raw materials burden.
References:
[1] Castro, JA, Takano, C., Yagi, J. A theoretical study using the multiphase numerical simulation technique for effective use of H2 as blast furnaces fuel. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, v.6(3), p.258-270, 2017.
SESSION:
IronThuPM1-R8
| Usui International Symposium on Advanced Sustainable Iron and Steel Making (7th Intl. Symp. on Advanced Sustainable Iron and Steel Making) |
| Thu Oct, 24 2019 / Room: Ambrosia B (77/RF) | |
| Session Chairs: Jose Adilson de Castro; Basant Kumar Singh; Session Monitor: TBA |
14:50: [IronThuPM107]
THE BAKING ACID TECHNIQUE ALTERNATIVE TO DECREASE THE PHOSPHORUS CONTENT OF THE IRON ORE Jose Adilson
De Castro1 ; Leonardo
Martins Da Silva
2 ;
Marcos
De Campos1 ; Elizabeth
Oliveira
3 ; Rayla
De Souza Caldas
4 ;
1UFF - Federal Fluminense University, Volta Redonda, Brazil;
2Universidade Federal Fluminense, Volta Redonda, Brazil;
3Center for Technological Education Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Valenca, Brazil;
4UFF-Programa de Pos Graduação em Engenharia Metalurgica, Volta Redonda, Brazil;
Paper Id: 201
[Abstract] Unlike the available mineral resources, the steel-making processes require raw material with lower phosphorous content in order to decrease the costs, energy use and the residue generated within the steel plant. One alternative is to develop pre-treatment of the iron ore concentrates, achieving raw materials with lower phosphorous. Depending on the mineral structure, a heat treatment combined with leaching can be an efficient way to achieve concentrates with low phosphorous (less than 0.01%). A fast and efficient way of applying energy to iron ore particles is the use of microwave energy to heat the particles. Thus, we propose a treatment using microwave heating while admixing low concentration sulfuric acid, followed by quenching during leaching with water as a feasible route for phosphorus removal from iron ore particles. We performed a design of experiment (DOE) to investigate the optimal conditions of heating and leaching which maximize the rate of phosphorous removal. The structure of the iron ore particles after their treatment with microwave energy was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Disclosing results must be presented here: the optimal conditions for heating and leaching, how the structure of the iron ore particles is affected and which is the mechanism to which it corresponds, as well as the equations and the controlling mechanism.
We demonstrated that, under the most favorable combination of heating and leaching conditions proposed in this study, the reduction of the phosphorus content in the iron ore sample could reach 100%.
References:
1) Yong SJ, Jiang T, Yang YB, Li Q, Li GH, Guo YF. Removal of phosphorus from iron ores by chemical leaching. School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha. 2006; 410083.
SESSION:
IronThuPM3-R8
| Usui International Symposium on Advanced Sustainable Iron and Steel Making (7th Intl. Symp. on Advanced Sustainable Iron and Steel Making) |
| Thu Oct, 24 2019 / Room: Ambrosia B (77/RF) | |
| Session Chairs: Marcos de Campos; Sergey Komarov; Session Monitor: TBA |
18:15: [IronThuPM314] Invited
From Tatara furnace to Tamahagane Steel and the Japanese Sword Marcos
De Campos1 ; Jose Adilson
De Castro
1 ;
1UFF - Federal Fluminense University, Volta Redonda, Brazil;
Paper Id: 205
[Abstract] The Tatara furnace was the traditional method for steel production in ancient Japan. Tamahagane steel ("precious metal" in Japanese) obtained from the Tatara furnace was used for the manufacturing of Japanese swords.
These Japanese swords were produced with two types of steel: one with high carbon (kawagane) and another with low carbon (shingane). The high carbon steel was used for the blade region. The ductile low carbon steel was used for the interior part of the sword.
Japanese swords have a curvature, which is produced in the moment of the quenching. One of the interesting aspects of the Japanese sword is that the processing occurs in such a way that compression of residual stress is introduced on the side of the blade [1]. Thus, if a crack appears, it does not open. The Western swords with blades on both sides were much less reliable in combat. As for Western swords, existence of tensile residual stress on the surface of the swords makes them much easier to break.
Other details of the physical metallurgy of the steel employed in Japanese swords are also discussed.
References:
[1] Tatsuo Inoue. Tatara and the Japanese sword: the science and technology. Acta Mech 214, 17-30 (2010)
19:30 Dinner
SESSION:
IronFriPM1-R8
| Usui International Symposium on Advanced Sustainable Iron and Steel Making (7th Intl. Symp. on Advanced Sustainable Iron and Steel Making) |
| Fri Oct, 25 2019 / Room: Ambrosia B (77/RF) | |
| Session Chairs: Henrik Saxen; Hiroshi Nogami; Session Monitor: TBA |
15:15: [IronFriPM108] Invited
Mathematical Modeling of the Shaft Furnace Process for Producing DRI Using Self-Reducing Pellets Jose Adilson
De Castro1 ;
Marcos
De Campos1 ; Elizabeth
Oliveira
2 ; Giulio
Antunes De Medeiros
3 ;
1UFF - Federal Fluminense University, Volta Redonda, Brazil;
2Center for Technological Education Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Valenca, Brazil;
3UFF-Programa de Pos Graduação em Engenharia Metalurgica, Volta Redonda, Brazil;
Paper Id: 200
[Abstract] The shaft furnace process is widely used to produce DRI from pellets and lump ore. One of the largest shortcomings of the process is the need for a reforming gas station for producing reducing gas. This study proposes the enhancement of the efficiency of the process using self-reducing burden with poor reducing gas. A numerical model based on transport equations of momentum, energy and chemical species for gas and solid phases is proposed to simulate the inner phenomena in the direct reduction of the shaft furnace process for producing direct reducing iron (DRI). The model is verified using industrial data of productivity, raw materials and final composition of the DRI product. The model is used to evaluate operational practices using new raw materials and composition of reducing gas in the process. Five cases were considered which correspond to available raw materials and operational conditions on the process. The effects on the gas and solid inner temperature, pressure and phase compositions distributions are quantified. The simulation results indicated that good agreement for overall parameters of the process could be achieved. Afterwards, detailed features of the inner conditions of the process are predicted.
References:
[1] CASTRO JA, NOGAMI H, YAGI J. Numerical analysis of multiple injection of pulverized coal, prereduced iron ore and flux with oxygen enrichment to the blast furnace. ISIJ International, v. 41, n. 1, p. 18-24, 2001.
[2] CASTRO JA, SILVA A.J, SAZAKI Y, YAGI J. A six-phases 3-D model to study simultaneous injection of high rates of pulverized coal and charcoal into the blast furnace with oxygen enrichment. ISIJ International, v. 51, n.7, p. 748-758, 2011.
15:40 Break
SESSION:
NanomaterialsSatPM3-R8
| 6th Intl. Symp. on Synthesis and Properties of Nanomaterials for Future Energy Demands |
| Sat Oct, 26 2019 / Room: Ambrosia B (77/RF) | |
| Session Chairs: Elizabeth Oliveira; Ayesha Alkhoori; Session Monitor: TBA |
18:15: [NanomaterialsSatPM314]
Analysis of the Efficiency of the Soil Particles of Landfill Layers as Collector of Harzadous Nanoparticles in the Environment Elizabeth
Oliveira1 ; Jose Adilson
De Castro
2 ; Ivaldo
Leão Ferreira
3 ; Mara
Do Carmo Paresque
4 ;
1Center for Technological Education Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Valenca, Brazil;
2UFF - Federal Fluminense University, Volta Redonda, Brazil;
3UFPA, Belem, Brazil;
4UFF-Programa de Pos Graduação em Engenharia Metalurgica, Volta Redonda, Brazil;
Paper Id: 202
[Abstract] The technological applications for newly developed nanoparticles are continuously increasing. Nevertheless, their reduced size, forming colloidal suspensions, may facilitate the transport and bioaccumulation in the environment. The particular properties of each nanoparticle and their interactions with the dissolved organic matter (DOM) and the living organisms are important issues in this scenario. The landfill waste disposal method is still dominant worldwide. In the landfill, the nanoparticles can undergo phenomena such as leaching, agglomeration, flocculation, complexation, adsorption, dissolution and neoformations. Among the concerns, it is recognized that the nanoparticles behave as carriers for the contaminants in the environment which strongly impacts the water resources. This research is focused on the development of a mathematical model able to predict the transport of TiO<sub>2</sub>, SiO<sub>2</sub>, ZnO, and CuO nanoparticles and their mutual interaction within soils commonly used as protective layers of controlled landfill for municipal waste disposal. A combined methodology based on numerical procedures using inverse method principles and controlled column experiments were carried out. Firstly, the model parameters were determined and secondly, the model was validated by confronting numerical and experimental data. The model formulated new ways to address the interactions phenomena of colloidal suspensions of nanoparticles percolating through landfill soils protective layers. It has been found that SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles presented the strongest deleterious effect on the efficiency of the soil protective layers while ZnO plays a positive role, promoting flocculation and complexation with soil particles and enhances their effectiveness.
References:
[1] Oliveira EM, Castro J A, Leão I., 2016. Study of the Interaction of Copper Nanoparticles with Titanium in Landfill Soils Layers. Materials Science Forum 869:778-783.
[2] Oliveira EM, Nogueira DA, Lopes LCR, Feiteira J F S and Castro JA., 2016. Analysis of Percolation of the Stabilized Suspensions of TiO2 and SiO2 Nanoparticles in Soil Columns Simulating Landfill Layers. Journal of Mechanics Engineering and Automation 6:47-52.
[3] Oliveira EM, Valadão ICRP, Araújo ASF and Castro José., 2014. Application of Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) in Aqueous Solutions of TiO2. Materials Science Forum 802:624-629.
[4] Oliveira, E. M., Rojas, E. E. G., Valadão, I. C. R. P., Araújo, A. S. F., Castro, J. A., 2017 . Effects of the silica nanoparticles (NPSiO2) on the stabilization and transport of hazardous nanoparticle suspensions into landfill soil columns. Rev. Esc. Minas. 70, 317-323.
19:30 Dinner
