ORALS

SESSION: ManufacturingMonAM-R4 Advanced Manufacturing and Industrial Sustainability	Mamalis International Symposium on Advanced Manufacturing of Advanced Materials and Structures with Sustainable Industrial Applications
Mon Nov, 5 2018 / Room: Sao Conrado (50/2nd)
Session Chairs: Dimitris C. Lagoudas; Session Monitor: TBA

11:20: [ManufacturingMonAM01] Plenary
Advanced Manufacturing of Advanced Materials from Macro- to Nanoscale: Static to Shock Loading
Athanasios G. Mamalis¹ ; ¹PC-NAE, Demokritos National Center for Scientific Research, Athens, Greece;
Paper Id: 423 [Abstract]

Some recent trends and developments in advanced manufacturing of advanced materials from macro- to nanoscale subjected to impact and shock loading, with industrial applications to net-shape manufacturing, bioengineering, safety, transport, energy and environment, an outcome of the very extensive, over 45 years, work on this field performed by the author and his research international team, are briefly outlined. The benefits of such advanced materials, manufacturing and loading techniques, products and applications in many technological areas are significant, since their impact will make the manufacturing/machine tool sector, communications, transportations, data storage, health treatment, energy conservation, environmental and human-life protection and many other technological applications better, faster, safer, cleaner and cheaper. My items considered the SIPS 2018 Mamalis International Symposium may be listed as: 1. Mechanics (Structural plasticity, Low / High speed impact loading, Hypervelocity impact, Shockwaves loading) 2. Precision / Ultraprecision manufacturing from macro-, micro- to nanoscale (Metal forming, Metal removal processing, Surface engineering / Wear, Non-conventional techniques) 3. Nanotechnology / Nanomaterials manufacturing 4. Ferrous and non-ferrous (Metals, Ceramics, Superhard, Polymers, Composites, Multifunctional), materials from macro- to nanoscale (Nanostructured materials, Nanoparticles, Nanocomposites) 5. Powder production and processing technologies (High strain-rate phenomena and treatment under shock: Explosives, Electromagnetics, High temperature / high pressure techniques) 6. Biomechanics / Biomedical engineering 7. Transport / Crashworthiness of Vehicles: Passive and active safety for passengers and cargo (Surface transport: Automotive, Railway; Aeronautics: Aircraft, Helicopters) 8. Energy (Superconductors, Semiconductors, Electromagnetics, Solar cells, Photovoltaics, Nuclear reactors) 9. Environmental aspects (Impact on climate change: Nanotechnology; Automotive industry; Aeronautics industry) 10. Safety (Detection of explosives and hazardous materials) 11. Defense (Ballistics, Projectiles hitting targets, Shock loading) 12. Industrial sustainability

SESSION: ManufacturingMonAM-R4 Advanced Manufacturing and Industrial Sustainability	Mamalis International Symposium on Advanced Manufacturing of Advanced Materials and Structures with Sustainable Industrial Applications
Mon Nov, 5 2018 / Room: Sao Conrado (50/2nd)
Session Chairs: Dimitris C. Lagoudas; Session Monitor: TBA

11:45: [ManufacturingMonAM02] Keynote
The Ethics of Sustainability
Jeremy Ramsden¹ ; Athanasios G. Mamalis² ; Nikolaos T. Athanassoulis³ ; ¹University of Buckingham, Buckingham, United Kingdom; ²PC-NAE, Demokritos National Center for Scientific Research, Athens, Greece; ³Laboratory of Industrial and Energy Economics, NTUA, Athens, Greece;
Paper Id: 95 [Abstract]

As crowding on our planet increases, sustainability has become a major preoccupation at many levels: national and supranational (for example, the European Union is strongly promoting the "circular economy", essentially a waste management strategy), but also local and even individual. A considerable body of academic work has arisen around the "circular economy", mostly of recent origin, even though the roots of the concept go back decades and even centuries. On the whole the field seems to suffer from a dearth of analytical thinking, and much of the literature is little more than polemics between supporters and detractors, along with the loose injection of words like "entropy". On the material plane, at the atomic level everything is recycled, except hydrogen and helium; at higher levels involving sophisticated superatomic structures, an illusion of recycling may depend on inadequate definitions of materials that fail to capture all their essential features (for example, paper cannot be endlessly recycled because the cellulose fibres are progressively shortened). This paper seeks to establish what precisely sustainability and the circular economy mean, what the intentions of their protagonists are, and how they fit in with alternative moral schemata, notably the individual versus the social. The goal of our investigation is to establish whether the circular economy can make any claim on our attention as a worthwhile pursuit.

References:
[1] Ramsden, J.J. The impacts of nanotechnology. Nanotechnol. Perceptions 7 (2011) 28-66.

[2] Ramsden, J.J. The sustainability of "postmodern" university research. In: Philosophy and Synergy of Information: Sustainability and Security (eds P.J. Kervalishvili & S.A. Michailidis), pp. 74-87. Amsterdam: IOS Press (2012).

[3] Ramsden, J.J. and Kiss-Haypál, G. On a possible limit to economic progress. Nanotechnol. Perceptions 9 (2013) 71-81.

[4] Ramsden, J.J. Applied Nanotechnology (3rd edn). Amsterdam: Elsevier (2018).

SESSION: ManufacturingMonAM-R4 Advanced Manufacturing and Industrial Sustainability	Mamalis International Symposium on Advanced Manufacturing of Advanced Materials and Structures with Sustainable Industrial Applications
Mon Nov, 5 2018 / Room: Sao Conrado (50/2nd)
Session Chairs: Dimitris C. Lagoudas; Session Monitor: TBA

12:10: [ManufacturingMonAM03] Keynote
Nanotechnology and Sustainability
Jeremy Ramsden¹ ; Alexandra Mamali² ; Athanasios G. Mamalis³ ; Nikolaos T. Athanassoulis⁴ ; ¹University of Buckingham, Buckingham, United Kingdom; ²Maersk Broker Hellas, Athens, Greece; ³PC-NAE, Demokritos National Center for Scientific Research, Athens, Greece; ⁴Laboratory of Industrial and Energy Economics, NTUA, Athens, Greece;
Paper Id: 94 [Abstract]

The sustainability of our present civilization and, ultimately, of human life itself is challenged on many fronts. The most prominent of the challenges are climate change, extreme food and water shortages, rising chronic diseases, and rampant obesity. They are all of great significance in terms of death and morbidity, and at the same time seemingly intractable. This paper looks at the technical dimension of overcoming these challenges, contrasting the apparent impotence of conventional technologies with the potential of nanotechnology. Particular attention is paid to the scalability of any proposed nanotechnology-based solutions (bearing in mind the vast scale required for meaningful implementation), as well as the related aspect of realizable timescales. Where alternative solutions exist, a criterion of choice based on the life quality index is proposed. The paper concludes by examining the practical problems of implementing solutions projected to be successful.

References:
[1] Ramsden, J.J. What is sustainability? Nanotechnol. Perceptions 6 (2010) 179-195.

[2] Ramsden, J.J. The nanotechnology industry. Nanotechnol. Perceptions 9 (2013) 102-118.

[3] Mamalis, A.G., Ramsden, J.J., Holt, G.C., Vortselas, A.K. and Mamali, A.A. The effect of nanotechnology on mitigation and adaptation strategies in response to climate change. Nanotechnol. Perceptions 7 (2011) 159-179.

[4] Ramsden, J.J. Nanotechnology and Gaia. Nanotechnol. Perceptions 10 (2014) 173-189.

[5] Ramsden, J.J. Doomsday scenarios: an appraisal. Nanotechnol. Perceptions 12 (2016) 35-46.

[6] Ramsden, J.J. Applied Nanotechnology (3rd edn). Amsterdam: Elsevier (2018).

SESSION: ManufacturingMonPM2-R4 Precision / Ultraprecision Manufacturing	Mamalis International Symposium on Advanced Manufacturing of Advanced Materials and Structures with Sustainable Industrial Applications
Mon Nov, 5 2018 / Room: Sao Conrado (50/2nd)
Session Chairs: Tatsuo Sawada; Session Monitor: TBA

15:55: [ManufacturingMonPM209] Keynote
Faultless Steel Production and Manufacturing
Xenia Vourna¹ ; Evangelos Hristoforou¹ ; Athanasios G. Mamalis² ; ¹National TU of Athens, Athens, Greece; ²PC-NAE, Demokritos National Center for Scientific Research, Athens, Greece;
Paper Id: 294 [Abstract]

Faultless steel production and manufacturing (FASTEP) represents a new method and technology for surface and bulk stress distribution monitoring and rehabilitation in steels. The quality of the steel and corresponding products depends on the distribution and level of stresses in its volume and surface, since stress gradient is responsible for steel cracking generation & failure. The existing technology in stress monitoring concerns either surface stress distribution monitoring instruments with unacceptably high uncertainty, or point surface stress sensors, or surface and bulk laboratory techniques not able to operate in industrial environment. Therefore, a method to provide stress tensor distribution monitoring on the surface and in the bulk of steels would be the feedback system to not only monitor stresses but actually to achieve stress rehabilitation. FASTEP solution in achieving stress distribution monitoring in steel production, manufacturing and use, is related to a new method and technology, currently pending for patent, offering stress tensor distribution monitoring on the surface and the bulk of steels, steel welds and products based on them. The achieved uncertainty has been <1% for surface or bulk stress measurements, with speeds as high as 100/s per point of measurement, compared to ~10% uncertainty and speed of 1-10 s per point of the existing state of the art, thus opening a new era in diagnostics & therapeutics in steel industry. Such a technology can be the feedback system for automated stress rehabilitation (annihilation or strengthening) process in steel production and manufacturing, as well as in installed steel structures (end-user applications).

SESSION: ManufacturingMonPM2-R4 Precision / Ultraprecision Manufacturing	Mamalis International Symposium on Advanced Manufacturing of Advanced Materials and Structures with Sustainable Industrial Applications
Mon Nov, 5 2018 / Room: Sao Conrado (50/2nd)
Session Chairs: Tatsuo Sawada; Session Monitor: TBA

16:45: [ManufacturingMonPM211]
A Simple Magnetic Susceptibility Measuring Technique
Giorgios Banis¹ ; Panayiota Tselou¹ ; Angelo Ferraro¹ ; Evangelos Hristoforou¹ ; Athanasios G. Mamalis² ; ¹National TU of Athens, Athens, Greece; ²PC-NAE, Demokritos National Center for Scientific Research, Athens, Greece;
Paper Id: 295 [Abstract]

A simple apparatus able to measure the magnetic susceptibility of spherical samples is demonstrated. The method is based on the equilibrium of the magnetic force applied on the specimen from a coil, and of the Stoke's force applied on the specimen by the flow of a liquid. Acquiring basic materials (coil, tube, power supply), we measured with sufficient accuracy the magnetic susceptibility of materials with unknown magnetic properties. Furthermore, by using a spherical specimen with given magnetic susceptibility, following the reverse methodology, it is possible to define the viscosity of the fluid. Thereby, we present a simple, low cost technique for fast and efficient measuring of specimens' magnetic susceptibility or viscosity of the liquid where the specimen is located.

SESSION: ManufacturingMonPM3-R4 Metal Forming / Metal Removal Processing / Non-Conventional Techniques – I	Mamalis International Symposium on Advanced Manufacturing of Advanced Materials and Structures with Sustainable Industrial Applications
Mon Nov, 5 2018 / Room: Sao Conrado (50/2nd)
Session Chairs: Raul S. Turmanidze; Session Monitor: TBA

17:40: [ManufacturingMonPM313]
Synthesis of ZnSe Films by Electrochemical Deposition for Assembly of Photo-transforming Heterostructures
Dmitri S. Sofronov¹ ; Athanasios G. Mamalis² ; Vadym V. Starikov³ ; E.m. Sofronova¹ ; E.a. Vaksler¹ ; P.v. Mateychenko¹ ; Sergiy N. Lavrynenko⁴ ; ¹SSI "Institute for Single Crystals" of NAS of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine; ²PC-NAE, Demokritos National Center for Scientific Research, Athens, Greece; ³National Technical University - Kharkov Polytechnic Institute, Kharkiv, Ukraine; ⁴Kharkov Polytechnic Institute, Kharkov, Ukraine;
Paper Id: 170 [Abstract]

The zinc selenide films were synthesized using an electrochemical method in alkaline electrolyte. The influence of deposition options (zinc ions concentration, cathodic current density and electrolysis duration) on ZnSe films formation is discussed. It is shown that the increase of film thickness and its porosity is observed at increase of current density and zinc ions concentration in electrolyte. The most compact films are formed when the zinc concentration in the electrolyte is less than 0.05 M and the current density is not higher than 35 mA/cm². The obtained ZnSe film had p-type conductivity and a resistivity of 10⁵-10⁶ Ohm·m. It was synthesized heterostructure ZnS/ZnSe/Ni including the p-n transition. The parameters of the diode heterostructure were determined by the dark IV-characteristic.

SESSION: ManufacturingMonPM3-R4 Metal Forming / Metal Removal Processing / Non-Conventional Techniques – I	Mamalis International Symposium on Advanced Manufacturing of Advanced Materials and Structures with Sustainable Industrial Applications
Mon Nov, 5 2018 / Room: Sao Conrado (50/2nd)
Session Chairs: Raul S. Turmanidze; Session Monitor: TBA

18:05: [ManufacturingMonPM314]
Efficiency of Hard Machining Processes
János Kundrák¹ ; Athanasios G. Mamalis² ; Viktor Molnar¹ ; ¹University of Miskolc, Miskolc, Hungary; ²PC-NAE, Demokritos National Center for Scientific Research, Athens, Greece;
Paper Id: 158 [Abstract]

Machining of hardened surfaces has improved significantly in the past. In addition to long-lasting abrasive machining, machining with cutting tools having geometrically defined single point cutting edges has also appeared, and its productivity gets better and better. This paper analyzes the efficiency of various processes in producing surfaces with the same quality parameters (Rz, IT). The investigated procedures or process variants are: traverse bore grinding; hard-turning with standard insert; hard-turning with Wiper inserts; combined process with standard inserts in hard-turning stage; and combined process with Wiper inserts in hard-turning stage. In the first step, we provide the results of the experimental tests by which we chose the machining data for the different processes, to ensure the required quality in each case. Based on the examination of Material Removal Rate (MRR), Surface Rate (SR), environmental load, and machining flexibility, we determine the order of their application based on the expected operating conditions. It is shown that the Material Removal Rate is most favourable for variants of hard-turning. However, if the operating conditions of a built-in component require a random surface, the most efficient process is combined machining. This order is also advantageous compared to conventional machining because the proposed variants also reduce the environmental load.

References:
[1] Kundrak, J.; Mamalis, A.G.; Markopoulos, A., Finishing of hardened boreholes: Grinding or hard cutting? Mat. and Manuf. Process., Vol.19, No.6, 2004, pp. 979-993.
[2] Mamalis, A.G., Kundrak, J., Gyani, K. On the dry machining of steel surfaces using superhard tools, Int. J. of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol.19, No.3. 2002, pp. 157-162
[3] Kundrak, J.; Varga, G.: Use of coolants and lubricants in hard machining, TEHNICKI VJESNIK-TECHNICAL GAZETTE (ISSN: 1330-3651) (eISSN: 1848-6339) 20: (6) pp. 1081-1086. (2013)

SESSION: ManufacturingTueAM-R4 Non-Ferrous Advanced Materials from Macro- to Nanoscale – I	Mamalis International Symposium on Advanced Manufacturing of Advanced Materials and Structures with Sustainable Industrial Applications
Tue Nov, 6 2018 / Room: Sao Conrado (50/2nd)
Session Chairs: Mustafa Guden; Session Monitor: TBA

11:45: [ManufacturingTueAM02]
Calorimetric Mechanosensors Consisting of Various Mechanisms: Triboluminescence, Structural Color, and Disassembly of Au Nanoparticles
Mustafa Demir¹ ; Gökhan Topçu² ; Ezgi Inci² ; Athanasios G. Mamalis³ ; ¹Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Turkey; ²Izmir Institute of Technology, İzmir, Turkey; ³PC-NAE, Demokritos National Center for Scientific Research, Athens, Greece;
Paper Id: 57 [Abstract]

Fiber-reinforced polymer composites (FRPCs) have been widely used as alternatives for metallic materials in aerospace, defense, transportation, and automotive industries because of their lower weight, higher strength, and stiffness. The use of ultrathin fibers (eg. electrospun nanofibers) of high surface area leads to improvement in the mechanical property of FRPCs associated with the interfacial bonding between nanofibers and polymeric matrices, enhancing the load transfer from the fiber to the matrix. The micrometer-size porous polystyrene (PS) fibers obtained from electrospinning PS/THF solution with the nano-sized (100 to 200 nm) surface porosities were used to fill an epoxy matrix. The effect of incorporation of the PS fibers on the quasi-static and dynamic compression behavior of an epoxy matrix was examined. The addition of PS fibers and increasing strain rate increased the compressive elastic modulus and strength, which was attributed to the interlocking between the resin and fibers by the intrusions of the resin into surface pores on the fibers. In addition, high strain rate deformation experimental data on porous PS fiber-reinforced epoxy matrix was provided. The excessive deformation of the matrix at the interface caused extra energy expenditure to deform the composite.

References:
[1] R. F. Gibson, Compos. Struct. 92 (2010) 2793-2810.
[2] M. M. Demir, N. Horzum, A. Tasdemirci, K. Turan, M. Guden, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 6 (2014) 21901-21905.

SESSION: ManufacturingTueAM-R4 Non-Ferrous Advanced Materials from Macro- to Nanoscale – I	Mamalis International Symposium on Advanced Manufacturing of Advanced Materials and Structures with Sustainable Industrial Applications
Tue Nov, 6 2018 / Room: Sao Conrado (50/2nd)
Session Chairs: Mustafa Guden; Session Monitor: TBA

12:10: [ManufacturingTueAM03]
Structure and Optical Properties of Nanocomposite Carbon Films Obtained from Accelerated C60 Ion Flows
Svetlana Rudchenko¹ ; Vladimir Egorovich Pukha¹ ; Vadym V. Starikov¹ ; Athanasios G. Mamalis² ; Sergiy N. Lavrynenko³ ; ¹National Technical University - Kharkov Polytechnic Institute, Kharkiv, Ukraine; ²PC-NAE, Demokritos National Center for Scientific Research, Athens, Greece; ³Kharkov Polytechnic Institute, Kharkov, Ukraine;
Paper Id: 151 [Abstract]

The results of structural and optical investigations of thin carbon films deposited from the mass-separated beam of accelerated C60 ions with energy of 5 keV are presented. The substrate temperature ranged from 100°C to 400°C. It was established that change of the TS from 100°C to 400°C leads to the consecutive formation of diamond-like carbon (DLC) films with amorphous state and superhard nanocomposites consisting nanographite structures (1-2 nm) surrounded by a diamond-like amorphous matrix. For amorphous films the band gap (Eg) was in the range of 1.2 - 1.4 eV. For nanocomposite films on optical absorption spectra, there are two energy components: one with a narrow Eg = 1 eV, which is associated with three-dimensional nanocrystals of graphite, and the other - with a wide optical gap (Eg =3,45-3,55 eV) that corresponds to the diamond-like amorphous matrix of nanocomposite. According to the results of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and tunnel spectroscopy (TS), the size of graphite nanocrystals is about 1-2 nm and an amorphous shell around the graphite nanocrystals had a thickness of about 1.5 nm. The graphite component had n-type conductivity and an amorphous component had p-type conductivity. The electrical conductivity of such semiconductor nanocomposite was 103 S/m that to 6 orders higher compared to the DLC film in the amorphous state.

References:
[1] Robertson J. Diamond-like amorphous carbon // Materials science and Engineering. 2002. R37. Р.129-281.
[2] Robertson J. and O'Reilly E.P. Electronic and atomic structure of amorphous carbon // Phys. Rev. B. 1987. Vol.35, 6. P.2946-2957
[3] Robertson J. Electronic and atomic structure of diamond-like carbon // Semicond. Sci. Technol. 2003. Vol.18. Р.S12-S19.
[4] Tay B.K. Optical properties of tetrahedral amorphous carbon films determined by spectroscopic ellipsometry / Tay B.K., Shi X., Cheah L.K., Flynn D.I. // Thin Solid Films. 1997. Vol.308. Р.268-272.
[5] Teo K.B.K. Highest optical gap tetrahedral amorphous carbon / Teo K.B.K., Ferrari A.C., Fanchini G., Rodil S.E., Yuan J., Tsai J.T.H., Laurenti E., Tagliaferro A., Robertson J., Milne W.I. // Diamond and Related Materials. 2002. 11. P.1086-1090.

SESSION: ManufacturingTuePM1-R4 Biomechanics / Biomedical engineering	Mamalis International Symposium on Advanced Manufacturing of Advanced Materials and Structures with Sustainable Industrial Applications
Tue Nov, 6 2018 / Room: Sao Conrado (50/2nd)
Session Chairs: Tetiana Prikhna; Jeremy Ramsden; Session Monitor: TBA

14:25: [ManufacturingTuePM106]
Au@Pt Core-Shell Nanoparticles with Nanostructured Dendritic Pt Shells as Solid Contacts in Ion Selective Electrodes
Masoumeh Saber Zaeimian¹ ; Anthony Piazza¹ ; Athanasios G. Mamalis² ; Xiaoshan Zhu¹ ; Li Wan³ ; ¹University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, United States; ²PC-NAE, Demokritos National Center for Scientific Research, Athens, Greece; ³Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China;
Paper Id: 205 [Abstract]

Ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) have been widely used in chemical or clinical analysis for the detection of various ions. Conventional ISEs are fabricated with an ion selective membrane in contact with an inner solution. The inner solution causes short lifetimes of ISEs, complex assembly and maintenance, and difficulties in ISE further miniaturization. Instead of an inner solution, ISEs with an internal solid contact (SC) have been recognized as the next generation of ISEs because they possess important merits in easy miniaturization, simple fabrication and ruggedness [1-2]. Different materials ranging from conducting polymers through to inorganic nanomaterials/nanostructures (e.g., carbon, gold) have been applied as SC for ISEs. In this work, to the best of our knowledge, it is the first time to report using Au@Pt core-shell nanoparticles with nanostructured dendritic Pt shells as an active ion-to-electron transducer layer (or solid contacts) for ISEs. Compared to other reported inorganic nanomaterials/nanostructures, the Au@Pt core-shell nanoparticles possess large and electron-state-rich surfaces for high electrochemical activity, ease synthesis by simply mixing chemical reagents in room temperature, and high stability in environments due to inert noble metal compositions. We anticipate that the merits of the Au@Pt core-shell nanoparticles will enhance the ISE performance in fast response, sensing stability against many interferences, low limit of detection, and wide linear detection range. Specifically, ISE using these nanoparticles for ammonium detection is developed. Ammonium is one of important biological nutrients in soil or environmental water and critical for the plant growth or the blooming/fading of microbiome in water. This ISE can be used for the identification and management of the nutrients for soil/water quality monitoring [3]. Moreover, ammonium is present in blood mostly as a result of the breakdown of proteins [4]. Therefore, the ISE can be used to determine the levels of this cation in plasma and thus to provide extremely relevant physiological information related to the metabolic state of the individual, dietary conditions, or even liver malfunctions. Although our ISE currently is developed on a glassy carbon rod, it can be developed on any flexible substrates for further wearable applications (e.g., detecting ammonium in sweat).

References:
[1] B. P. Nikolskii, E. A. Materova, Ion-Selective Electrode Reviews, 1985, 7, 3-39.
[2] Michalska A, Electroanalysis, 2012, 24, 1253-1265.
[3] K. Sato, W. H. Kang, K. Saga and K. T. Sato, J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., 1989, 20, 537-563.
[4] R. Athavale, I. Kokorite, et al., Anal. Chem., 2015, 87, pp 11990-11997.

SESSION: ManufacturingTuePM2-R4 High Strain-Rate Phenomena / Treatment under Shock Loading–I	Mamalis International Symposium on Advanced Manufacturing of Advanced Materials and Structures with Sustainable Industrial Applications
Tue Nov, 6 2018 / Room: Sao Conrado (50/2nd)
Session Chairs: Manos Maragakis; Session Monitor: TBA

17:10: [ManufacturingTuePM212]
Explosive Forming of Metal Tubes for Heat Exchangers
Andras Szalay¹ ; Athanasios G. Mamalis² ; Istvan Zador³ ; Pal Racz⁴ ; Hasebe Toshiaki³ ; ¹S-Metalltech 98 Materials Research and Development Ltd, Budapest, Hungary; ²PC-NAE, Demokritos National Center for Scientific Research, Athens, Greece; ³S-Metalltech 98 Ltd, Budapest, Hungary; ⁴Bay Zoltán Nonprofit Ltd, Budapest, Hungary;
Paper Id: 86 [Abstract]

Large quantities of hot flue gases are generated from kilns, ovens, and furnaces. If some of this waste heat could be recovered, a considerable amount of primary fuel could be conserved. Although the energy lost in waste gases cannot be fully recovered, much of the heat could be recovered by heat exchangers or recuperators, and the loss will be reduced. A heat exchanger is an equipment built for efficient heat transfer from one medium to another. Generally, the two media are separated by a solid metallic wall, so that they never mix. These tubular heat exchangers are widely used in power plants, chemical plants, and metal processing plants. The main requirement for heat exchanger tubes is that the heat transfer between the media inside the tube and outside the tube should be at the maximum. This can be achieved in many ways; the most frequently used solution is the modification of the tubes construction as creation of enhanced surface, or applying spiral strips for causing turbulence in the streaming media. An innovative solution is enhancing the efficiency of the heat exchanger tubes by creating spiral deformations on the tubes. The advantages of the properly designed deformation of the tube material are twofold: on one hand the heat transferring surface of the tubes will be enlarged, and on the other hand the deformations will cause turbulence in the streaming media, enhancing the heat transfer. The task can be solved by explosive tubeforming [1]. The optimal form of the tubes have been designed by thermo-hydraulic computer simulation based on the ANSYS system [2]. The plastic deformation of the tubes is carried out by high pressure shock waves created by explosion of detonating cords positioned on the outer surface of the tubes. The efficiency of the heat exchangers built with explosively formed tubes are cca. 10 % higher than the heat exchangers built with plain tubes. In this presentation we briefly report the results of the simulations and introduce the manufacturing process.

References:
[1] Prümmer R, Explosive Welding, Forming and Compaction. Ed. T.Z. Blazynski, Applied Science, London 1983.
[2]. A.Szalay, A. G. Mamalis, I. Zador, A. K. Vortselas, L. Lukacs: Explosive metalworking: experimental and numerical modeling aspects International Symposium on Explosion, Shock wave and High-energy reaction Phenomena 2013 March 27 - 29, 2013 Nago, Okinawa, Japan

SESSION: ManufacturingWedAM-R4 Transport / Crashworthiness of Vehicles: Passive and Active Safety	Mamalis International Symposium on Advanced Manufacturing of Advanced Materials and Structures with Sustainable Industrial Applications
Wed Nov, 7 2018 / Room: Sao Conrado (50/2nd)
Session Chairs: Ryuichi Tomoshige; Session Monitor: TBA

11:20: [ManufacturingWedAM01]
Perspective Ways for the Development of Endoprosthesis of Human Hip Implants
Sergiy Sheykin¹ ; Athanasios G. Mamalis² ; Raul S. Turmanidze³ ; S. Sohan⁴ ; I. Rostotskiy⁴ ; Dmitrii Vladimirovich Efrosinin⁵ ; ¹Bakul Institute of Superhard Materials, Kyiv, Ukraine; ²PC-NAE, Demokritos National Center for Scientific Research, Athens, Greece; ³Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia; ⁴Bakul Institute of Superhard Materials, Kiev, Ukraine; ⁵Bakul Institute for Superhard Materials, Kiev, Ukraine;
Paper Id: 174 [Abstract]

Nowadays, the greatest spread in the practice of endoprosthesis replacement was obtained by a metal/UHMWPE (Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene) friction pair. As a rule, in this case a CoCrMo alloy is used as the material of the metal component. However, from the point of view of biocompatibility, this alloy is not the best. Among the metals and alloys in this indicator, pure titanium is the best choice. Nevertheless, its usage as a component of the friction pair is hampered by the increased tendency to seize with structural materials (including the UHMWPE) and low mechanical characteristics. To receive the needed level of operating specifications of friction pair, pure titanium/UHMWPE, the technology for modifying the surface layer of the spherical head by surface plastic deformation and subsequent thermal diffusion nitriding was elaborated. This technology made it possible to achieve an optimal combination of strength and adhesive inertness of the working surface of the titanium head [1]. The technology for shaping the working surface of a spherical head was developed, including preliminary precision and finishing. The technologists use tools used at the Institute of Superhard Materials. The technology made it possible to obtain a product conforming to the international standard ISO 7206-2-2013 (Ra <0.05 mm with deviation from non-circularity less than 0.006 mm). Comparative tests of nitrided pure titanium and CoCrMo alloy in pair with the surgeon performed on the ring-plane face friction machine in blood plasma (closest in composition to the synovial fluid of the natural joint) showed a clear advantage of nitrided pure titanium: friction in a pair of nitrided Grade 2 / surgical below by 25%, linear wear by 60%. A promising alternative to the evolutionary development of the traditional endoprosthesis of the femoral head is also considered a fundamentally different technological solution— hybrid endoprosthesis of the femur head with a heart of metal and an outer layer of oxide ceramics [2]. This idea is implemented, for example, in the product with the commercial brand Oxinium™ (Smith & Nephew, Memphis, US). The idea of a multilayer endoprosthesis of the femoral head was suggested by the authors in [3]. The outer part in the form of a spherical shell of artificial sapphire or ZrO₂-ceramics has a cavity filled through a special heat-conducting technological layer in several layers by a metal core. In the metal core, there is a tapered hole for fixing the head. Due to the use of sapphire (it does not have harmful impurities in the interstitial space), such endoprosthesis is chemically inert, is electrically neutral, has an increased wettability of the surface, and has biological compatibility (activity). An additional advantage of this technical solution is the possibility of introducing a layer of polymer material that improves the damping properties of the endoprosthesis.

References:
[1] Increasing of functionality of c.p. titanium/UHMWPE tribo-pairs by thermodiffusion nitriding of titanium component / I.M. Pohrelyuk, S.E. Sheykin, S.M. Dub, A.G. Mamalis, I.Yu. Rostotskii, O.V. Tkachuk, S.M. Lavrys // Biotribology Volume 7, September 2016, Pages 38-45.
[2] Pezzotti, G. Artificial hip joints: The biomaterials challenge / G. Pezzotti, K. Yamamoto / J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mat. 3 1 (2014) 3-20.
[3] Спосіб виготовлення головки ендопротеза кульшового суглобу: пат. 105064 U Україна МПК А61F2/32 (2006.1) / С.В. Сохань, Л.Ф. Головко, Н.О. Мельник-Кагляк, 201503079; заявл. 03.04.2015; опублік. 10.03.2016, Бюл. 5-3 с.

SESSION: ManufacturingWedAM-R4 Transport / Crashworthiness of Vehicles: Passive and Active Safety	Mamalis International Symposium on Advanced Manufacturing of Advanced Materials and Structures with Sustainable Industrial Applications
Wed Nov, 7 2018 / Room: Sao Conrado (50/2nd)
Session Chairs: Ryuichi Tomoshige; Session Monitor: TBA

11:45: [ManufacturingWedAM02] Keynote
A Composite Nanostructured Material Based on Alumina for Use in an Airocraft Gas Turbine Engine
Athanasios G. Mamalis¹ ; Sergiy N. Lavrynenko² ; Edwin Gevorkyan³ ; Vasily Dutka⁴ ; Maxim Kislitsa⁵ ; ¹PC-NAE, Demokritos National Center for Scientific Research, Athens, Greece; ²Kharkov Polytechnic Institute, Kharkov, Ukraine; ³Cermet-Ukraine Ltd. Science and Production Company, Kharkiv, Ukraine; ⁴Institute for Superhard Materials of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine; ⁵Ukrainian State University of Railway Transport, Kharkiv, Ukraine;
Paper Id: 218 [Abstract]

The structure and properties of composite materials, for gas turbine engines based on nanopowders alumina, zirconium dioxide, and tungsten carbide, in the process of hot pressing by electroconsolidation are investigated. Research results on the influence of structure parameters and phase composition on the microstructure, and physical and mechanical properties of alumina composites obtained by electrosparking (electroconsolidation) are described. It has been established that the formation of a composite structure, due to the introduction of nanopowders of alumina and zirconium dioxide into the nanopowder of tungsten carbide, makes it possible to increase some of the physico-mechanical properties of the obtained composite materials.

SESSION: ManufacturingWedAM-R4 Transport / Crashworthiness of Vehicles: Passive and Active Safety	Mamalis International Symposium on Advanced Manufacturing of Advanced Materials and Structures with Sustainable Industrial Applications
Wed Nov, 7 2018 / Room: Sao Conrado (50/2nd)
Session Chairs: Ryuichi Tomoshige; Session Monitor: TBA

12:35: [ManufacturingWedAM04]
Magnetic Permeability Measurement Device Based on Hall Effect
Spyridon Angelopoulos¹ ; Giorgios Banis¹ ; Xenia Vourna¹ ; Aphrodite Ktena² ; Panagiotis Tsarabaris¹ ; Evangelos Hristoforou¹ ; Athanasios G. Mamalis³ ; ¹National TU of Athens, Athens, Greece; ²TEI of Chalkida, Chalcis, Greece; ³PC-NAE, Demokritos National Center for Scientific Research, Athens, Greece;
Paper Id: 296 [Abstract]

A new, fully portable device is presented, which can be used to measure magnetic permeability and residual stress. The device is based on the use of a Hall sensor and a permanent magnet. The Hall sensor is placed at the edge of a yoke, and consists of two parallel ferromagnetic bars and a permanent magnet. As a result, its output voltage depends on the magnetic field that is produced by the magnet. If the yoke is placed near a ferromagnetic material under test, the Hall voltage output will change accordingly. The optimal placement of the Hall sensor was found through software simulations. The magnetic field measured by the Hall sensor can be correlated to the surface magnetic permeability and the residual stress tensor distribution of the ferromagnetic material under test. Calibration of the sensor was held, in order to provide accurate results. The constructed device includes the aforementioned sensing element, an Arduino-based microcontroller, an RF transmitter, a Bluetooth module, and a battery. The collected data is wirelessly transmitted to a receiving device, and consists of an Arduino-based microcontroller, an RF receiver, an LCD, and a battery. As a result, the output information can be viewed either on the dedicated device or on any other Bluetooth-compatible device (e.g. smartphone or tablet). The sensor is suitable for on-field measurements, as it is wireless, energy sufficient, robust, and conducts high-speed contactless measurements.

SESSION: ManufacturingWedPM1-R4 Energy	Mamalis International Symposium on Advanced Manufacturing of Advanced Materials and Structures with Sustainable Industrial Applications
Wed Nov, 7 2018 / Room: Sao Conrado (50/2nd)
Session Chairs: Nikoloz Chikhradze; Session Monitor: TBA

14:25: [ManufacturingWedPM106]
Structure and Properties of MgB&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;- and MT-YBaCuO-based Materials Manufactured Under Pressure
Tetiana Prikhna¹ ; Michael Eisterer² ; Matt Rindfleisch³ ; Athanasios G. Mamalis⁴ ; Michael Tomsic³ ; Vitaliy Romaka⁵ ;⁰ ; Artem Kozyrev¹ ; Myroslav Karpets¹ ; Anton Shaternik¹ ; ¹Institute for Superhard Materials, Kiev, Ukraine; ²Atominstitut, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria; ³Hyper Tech Research, Inc., Columbus, United States; ⁴PC-NAE, Demokritos National Center for Scientific Research, Athens, Greece; ⁵Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine;
Paper Id: 121 [Abstract]

The influences of technological parameters (temperature, pressure, type of cladding), composition of precursor powders, and type of additions (Dy₂O₃, Zr, Ti, Ti-O, SiC, Nb) on the superconducting characteristics (transition temperature, critical current density, critical magnetic fields) of MgB₂ wires produced by Hyper Tech Research Inc. and of bulk materials synthesized under ambient, elevated, and high pressures in correlation with their microstructures, were studied. Microstructural observations are in good agreement with ab-initio modeling [1, 2]. The relevant pinning centers of Abrikosov vortices in MgB₂-based materials are oxygen-enriched Mg-B-O inclusions (or nanolayers) and inclusions of high borides MgBx. Their number and size depends on the synthesis parameters and dopants. Ti, Ta, and Zr bind hydrogen, make the formation of magnesium hydride impossible, and thus improve the mechanical characteristics bulk MgB2. Ti, Ta, Zr also affects the formation of higher borides, and Ti, Ta, Zr, SiC, TiC - on the redistribution of oxygen. The critical current density, jc of melt textured YBa₂Cu₃O₇-d (or Y₁₂₃)-based superconductors (MT-YBaCuO) depends on the perfection of texture and the amount of oxygen in the Y₁₂₃ structure, but also on the density of twins and micro-cracks formed during the oxygenation (due to shrinking of the c-lattice parameter). The density of twins and micro-cracks increases with the reduction of the distance between Y₂BaCuO₅ (Y₂₁₁) inclusions in Y₁₂₃. A high level of critical current density demonstrated MT-YBCO oxygenated under 16 MPa oxygen pressure and MgB₂ high pressure (2 GPa) - high temperature synthesized: jc (MT-YBaCuO) at 77 K was nearly 105 A/cm² in self-field and 103 A/cm² at 10 Т, and jc (MgB₂) at 20 K was 106 at 1 T and 103 A/cm² at 8.5 T. The MgB₂ wires with added Dy₂O₃ (4 wt.%, 100 nm) demonstrated Jc=11 kA/cm² at 20 K in 5 T and at 4.2 K in 12.5 T fields.

References:
[1] T.A. Prikhna, V.V. Romaka, A.P. Shapovalov, M. Eisterer, V. Sokolovsky, H.W. Weber, G.E. Grechnev, V.G. Boutko, A.A. Gusev, A.V. Kozyrev, W. Goldacker, V.E. Moshchil, V.B. Sverdun, T. Habisreuther, C. Schmidt, V.V. Kovylaev, V.E. Shaternik, M.V. Karpets, A.V. Shaternik, "Structure and Properties of MgB2 bulks, thin films, and wires", IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., vol. 27, Is. 4, 2017, pp. 1-5, DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2016.2638201.
[2] T. А. Prikhna, A. Р. Shapovalov, G. E. Grechnev, V. G. Boutko, A. A. Gusev, A. V. Kozyrev, M. A. Belogolovskiy, V. E. Moshchil and V. B. Sverdun, "Formation of nanostructure of magnesium diboride based materials with high superconducting characteristics", Low Temperature Physics, vol. 42, No 5, pp. 486-505, 2016.

SESSION: ManufacturingWedPM2-R4 Environmental Aspects / Impact on Climate Change	Mamalis International Symposium on Advanced Manufacturing of Advanced Materials and Structures with Sustainable Industrial Applications
Wed Nov, 7 2018 / Room: Sao Conrado (50/2nd)
Session Chairs: Sesh Commuri; Session Monitor: TBA

16:20: [ManufacturingWedPM210]
DFT Insights into the Role of Relative Positions of Fe and N Dopants on the Structure and Properties of TiO2
Sahar Ramin Gul¹ ; Matiullah Khan² ; Zeng Yi³ ; Bo Wu¹ ; Athanasios G. Mamalis⁴ ; ¹Multiscale Computational Materials Facility, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China; ²Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan; ³State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; ⁴PC-NAE, Demokritos National Center for Scientific Research, Athens, Greece;
Paper Id: 32 [Abstract]

The location and nature of doped elements strongly affect the structural, electronic, and optical properties of TiO₂. To tailor the band structure and modify the photoelectrochemical properties of TiO₂, a pair of dopants is selected. Fe and N atoms are inserted in the TiO₂ network at substitutional and interstitial sites with different relative distances. The main objective behind the different locations and sites of the doped elements is to banish the isolated unoccupied states from the forbidden region that normally annihilates the photogenerated carriers. Fe at the Ti site and N at the O site doped in the TiO₂ network separated at a distance of 7.805 Å provided a suitable configuration of dopant atoms in terms of geometry and band structure. Moreover, the optical properties showed a notable shift to the visible regime. Individual dopants either introduced isolated unoccupied states in the band gap or disturbed the fermi level and structural properties. Furthermore, the other co-doped configurations showed no remarkable band shift, as well as exhibiting a suitable band structure. Resultantly, comparing the band structure and optical properties, it is argued that Fe (at Ti) and N (at O) doped at a distance of 7.805 Å would strongly improve the photoelectrochemical properties of TiO₂.

References:
[1] Sato, S. Photocatalytic activity of NOx-doped TiO2 in the visible light region. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1986, 123, 126-128, doi:10.1016/0009-2614(86)87026-9.
[2] Shen, Y.; Xiong, T.; Li, T.; Yang, K. Tungsten and nitrogen co-doped TiO2 nano-powders with strong visible light response. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 2008, 83, 177-185, doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2008.01.037.
[3] Khan, M.; Yi, Z.; Gul, S.R.; Wang, Y.; Fawad, U. Visible-light-active silver-, vanadium-codoped TiO2 with improved photocatalytic activity. J. Mater. Sci. 2017, 52, 5634-5640, doi:10.1007/s10853-017-0798-y.
[4] Liu, X.; Liu, Z.; Zheng, J.; Yan, X.; Li, D.; Chen, S.; Chu, W. Characteristics of N-doped TiO2 nanotube arrays by N2-plasma for visible light-driven photocatalysis. J. Alloys Compd. 2011, 509, 9970-9976, doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.08.003.
[5] Bonch-Bruevich, V.L.K.; Robert, S. The Electronic Structure of Heavily Doped Semiconductors; American Elsevier Pub. Co.: New York, NY, USA, 1966; pp. 55-68.
[6] Di Valentin, C.; Pacchioni, G.; Selloni, A.; Livraghi, S.; Giamello, E. Characterization of paramagnetic species in N-doped TiO2 powders by EPR spectroscopy and DFT calculations. J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, 11414-11419, doi:10.1021/jp051756t.
[7] Wang, Y.; Wu, Y.; Yang, H.; Xue, X.; Liu, Z. Doping TiO2 with boron or/and cerium elements: Effects on photocatalytic antimicrobial activity. Vacuum 2016, 131, 58-64, doi:10.1016/j.vacuum.2016.06.003.
[8] Liu, X.; Khan, M.; Liu, W.; Xiang, W.; Guan, M.; Jiang, P.; Cao, W. Synthesis of nanocrystalline Ga-TiO2 powders by mild hydrothermal method and their visible light photoactivity. Ceram. Int. 2015, 41 Pt B, 3075-3080, doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.10.151.

SESSION: ManufacturingWedPM2-R4 Environmental Aspects / Impact on Climate Change	Mamalis International Symposium on Advanced Manufacturing of Advanced Materials and Structures with Sustainable Industrial Applications
Wed Nov, 7 2018 / Room: Sao Conrado (50/2nd)
Session Chairs: Sesh Commuri; Session Monitor: TBA

16:45: [ManufacturingWedPM211]
Reduction of Transport Impact on Air Quality due to New Conception of Hydrogen Storage
Tetiana Prikhna¹ ; Mykola Monastyrov² ; Petro Talanchuk³ ; Athanasios G. Mamalis⁴ ; Fernand Marquis⁵ ; Bernd Halbedel⁶ ; ¹Institute for Superhard Materials, Kiev, Ukraine; ²Open International University of Human Development Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine; ³Open International University of Human Development Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine; ⁴PC-NAE, Demokritos National Center for Scientific Research, Athens, Greece; ⁵San Diego State University, San Diego, United States; ⁶Technische Universitat Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany;
Paper Id: 140 [Abstract]

The new conception of hydrogen production on the board of transport vehicles was due to the reaction of metallic Al powder produced by the developed high productive electroerosion dispersion (EED) method with slightly alkaline water [1]. The developed EED method allows production of Al powder of 98% purity with spherical shape 0.05 - 3-5 microns particles (with near 8 vol.% of 0.05-0.1 microns particles), specific surface up to 120 m2/gr (determined in accordance with the ISO 10076). The poly-dispersed nature of the Al powder permits its dense packing qua PAS. The presence of a nanofraction enables a short reaction induction period. It is mainly due to the presence of nanoparticles that the reaction response time is lowered from 7 to 2 s, which in the case of a transport vehicle will enable the essential volume minimization of the intermediate container. As a result of the reaction of one kilogram of aluminum powder, more than 111 grams of hydrogen are released, which is equivalent to 1.23 m3 of gaseous hydrogen (taking the hydrogen density to be 0.09 kg/m3 at 18°C and 0.1 MPa). The packed density of the aluminium powder was determined with the help of a Scott volumeter according to ISO 3923-2, and was found to be 1240 kg/m3. From a volume of one litre filled with this powder, 1.52 m3 of gaseous hydrogen can be obtained. Further, the systematic approach to reduce heat dissipation and increase efficiency will be realized due to the use of advanced thermoelectrical transformation systems and new type of propulsion engine.

References:
[1] M. Monastyrov, T. Prikhna, A. G. Mamalis, W. Gawalek, P. M. Talanchuk, R. V. Shekera, Electroerosion dispersion-prepared nano- and submicrometre-sized aluminium and alumina powders as power-accumulating substances, Nanotechnology Perceptions. 4 (2008), 179-187