To be Updated with new approved abstracts

Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are materials with structural and functional attributes. The types of ceramic-matrix composites include, amongst the most important: Al2O3-ZrO2 composites, SiC particulate/Si3N4 matrix composites, SiC whisker /Al2O3 matrix composites, SiC whisker/Si3N4 matrix composites, continuous fiber/glass matrix composites, carbon/carbon composites, SiC/SiC composites and oxide/oxide composites. Albeit the design philosophy was initially oriented towards toughening CMCs, considering structural applications, nowadays, and owing to the growing demand for modern engineering applications, researchers are paying attention to the functional features. Current research and development of composite materials has paid special attention to the design and fabrication of CMCs having phases at the nanometer scale. Recent scientific and technological publications on the subject include Li3V2(PO4)3/C composite cathode for Li ion battery and Ni-SiO2 nanocomposite for MISFET gate dielectric. Based on the current literature, in this contribution, authors present a review on the state-of-the-art in the development, processing, characterization and applications of ceramic-matrix composites.

The scope of applications of silicon nitride (Si3N4) has increased notably in the last years. In addition to its well-known structural properties, not only it has been considered as matrix or reinforcement in metal and ceramic composites but also as electronic material and biomaterial. Owing to the variety of phase shapes in which it can be produced, namely, particles, whiskers, fibers, films and coatings, Si3N4 is selected for various applications. Recently, orthopedic applications and bacteriostatic characteristics of silicon nitride compared to that of titanium biomaterials have been reported. Inherent to the potential of Si3N4 is the synthesis route used. The hybrid system chemical vapor deposition (or infiltration) (HYSY-CVD, HYSY-CVI) route has been proposed and applied for synthesizing Si3N4 in a variety of morphologies. Alpha silicon nitride produced by this route has also been reported as a promising candidate for emitting in the blue light region. In this contribution, authors present a review on the most recent applications of Si3N4, including structural and functional applications, as electronic material and as bioceramic or biomaterial.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and aluminum powder were mixed using ball-milling. Two types of CNTs were adopted; one is vapor grown carbon fibers (VGCFs) with average diameter of 150 nm, while the other is multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with average diameter of 65 nm. Mixing of CNTs with aluminum powder was performed at rotation speed of 200 rpm and mixing duration was 3 h. The weight fraction of stainless-steel balls to the mixture of CNT and aluminum powder was 20:1. The mixed powders were encapsulated in the A1050 containers in vacuum of 10-5 Torr. Then, the container was served as an extrusion billet. Hot extrusion was performed at 550 oC with extrusion ratio of 9. Composites reinforced by above mentioned two types of CNTs were fabricated using the same condition. Mechanical and thermal properties of composites were evaluated. Vickers microhardness of both of composites was higher than 100HV, and it increased with reinforcement volume fraction. That of MWCNT-reinforced composites was higher than that of VGCF-reinforced composites. Tensile strength of MWCNT-reinforced composites was also higher than that of VGCF-reinforced composites and was over 450 MPa. Fracture strain of 0.5% MWCNT-reinforced composite was 37.2% that was the highest among the values reported in the literature. Thermal conductivity of VGCF-reinforced composites was higher than that of MWCNT-reinforced composites. That of 0.5% VGCF-reinforced composites was 203.7 W/mK. Composites with tensile strength, fracture strain and thermal conductivity that are high compared to the values reported in past could be fabricated via simple process except for minimizing CNTs damage during mixing and by prevention of oxidation and excessive reaction of CNTs with aluminum matrix retaining effective densification during hot extrusion.

Composite materials are the emerging material for enormous applications in various engineering domains, due to its extremely high strength to weight ratio and corrosion resistance properties. The composite laminates are difficult to machine materials, which results into low drilling efficiency and drilling-induced delamination. Drilling is a widely used technique to assemble components specifically, in more complex structures. In the aircraft industry, about 60% of part rejections come from drilling-associated delamination. This study presents the experimental characterization to understand the effect of cutting parameters used for drilling holes on the thrust force, delamination extent, hole surface roughness and exit hole diameter using two-flute solid carbide twist drill of diameter 6.35mm. It also describes the identification of critical thrust force below which no damage occurs. The analysis shows that feed rate plays a dominant role in delamination, thrust force, hole surface roughness and exit hole diameter than the spindle speed.

The thermodynamic database of the Sm2O3-BaO system are of interest for predicting the phase relation of the functional materials. To set up the database of this system, heat capacity of the intermediate compound BaSm2O4 was measured by differential scanning calorimetry and its formation enthalpy from the component oxides at 298 K were measured by high temperature oxide melt solution calorimetry. Using the available phase equilibrium information and thermodynamic data, the thermodynamic optimization on the Sm2O3-BaO system were carried out by means of the CALPHAD technique. A self-consistent database of the Sm2O3-BaO system was set up and was used to calculate the phase diagram and thermodynamic properties of the Sm2O3-BaO system, which will be used for calculations in Sm2O3-BaO containing higher order systems.

Keywords: Sm2O3-BaO; BaSm2O4; CALPHAD; heat capacity; enthalpy formation

Aluminum, nickel, silicon and titanium were deposited on the surface of vapor grown carbon fibers (VGCFs) via simple and cost effective in situ chemical vapor deposition (in situ CVD) utilizing iodine to transport metallic atoms. For aluminum coating, coating layer was formed by annealing at 500oC. It was confirmed that metallic aluminum layers were almost homogeneously formed on VGCFs. Aluminum matrix composites reinforced by aluminum-coated VGCFs were fabricated via powder metallurgy (PM). Tensile strength of aluminum matrix composites was improved by coating treatment. For nickel coating, coating layer was formed by annealing at 600oC. It was found that metallic nickel coating that consisted of grains with the size of ~5 nm was formed. The wettability of sheets consisting of nickel-coated VGCFs by molten aluminum was investigated. It was apparent that the wettability was improved by the coating treatment. Aluminum matrix composites containing nickel-coated VGCFs were fabricated via hot extrusion of mixed powder of Al-7Si and VGCFs at semi-solid temperature. It was found that Vickers microhardness values were improved owing to nickel coating treatment of VGCFs because of improved interaction of aluminum matrix and VGCFs at the interface. For silicon coating, coating layer was formed by annealing at 1100oC. Coating layer consisted of metallic silicon, although the surface of the coating layer was oxidized. For titanium coating, reaction of VGCFs with titanium and conversion of VGCF surface into titanium carbide (TiC) was confirmed. It was also found that the extent of reaction could be varied by the amount of iodine, annealing temperature and annealing duration.

Diamond-like coatings, or DLCs, are a class of materials comprised primarily of amorphous and nano-crystalline carbon. DLCs offer a unique range of properties, many of which are tunable, that can improve the performance of current technology as well as offer novel engineered systems not previously possible. A few of the superior properties of DLCs are high wear resistance, high hardness, extreme thermal conductivity, excellent chemical resistance, high resistivity, and high optical transmision[1]. Not only are these properties superior to previous materials, they can be enhanced for specific applications by adjusting the parameters during the deposition. The methods of producing DLCs are myriad[2]; they include ion beam deposition, radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (r.f.-PECVD), filtered cathodic vacuum arc (FCVA), ion plating, plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition (PIIID), ion beam sputtering, pulsed laser deposition, DC magnetron sputtering[3], and laser sintering[4] among others. Each technique offers specific advantages or enhancement of certain of the noted properties. Many of these techniques are currently used in an industrial capacity already, this makes future implementation easier. This paper will describe the structural characteristics of typical DLC systems, synthesis of the coatings and their applications

The present work shows the practical application of digital image correlation (DIC) technique for fracture toughness (KIC) calculation. DIC is a non-contact, optical technique for measuring full-field displacements and strains by comparing an image of a deformed specimen surface to a reference image taken at un-deformed state. These captured images are correlated and the surface displacements are calculated from which the crack mouth opening displacements (CMOD) is determined. Results of DIC fracture toughness (KIC) value is validated by comparison with fracture toughness (KIC) value calculated from clip gauge. It is observed that the results obtained by DIC are in close agreement with the results obtained through conventional methods.

Graphene, a one-atom-thick two-dimensional (2D) single layer of sp2-bonded carbon, has garnered much attention in the field of material science in recent years because of its extraordinary electrical, thermal, mechanical, and structural properties. These unique and intriguing features make this highly versatile carbon material promising in many potential applications such as nanocomposites transparent conducting films, sensors, super capacitors nanoelectronics batteries and so on. Graphene and graphene oxide (GO) based nanocomposites have attracted tremendous attentions due to their many excellent properties arising from either the components themselves or functionalization and energy. Magnetic nanoparticles are most investigated nanomaterials systems due to their magnetic properties depend on their shape, size and morphology. Several factors are responsible for the unique properties of magnetic nanomaterials such as finite size effects due to the quantum confinement of the electrons inside the material. In this work, CO3O4/graphene oxide nanocomposites have been prepared by hydrothermal method with at different concentration of CO3O4 . The phase formation of the compound is confirmed using XRD technique and found that the CO3O4 NPs of size 23 nm were dispersed on to graphene sheets .The surface of morphology of the compounds is studied at different magnification at room temperature using SEM and TEM techniques. Study of magnetic properties of nanocomosites by VSM technique which shows the superparamanetic behavior of magnetic nanocomposites and study of surface morphology and surface potential of these nanocomposite thin films is carried out using scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) microscopy.

A hybrid structure of Mn doped SnO2 (MTO)/Ag/ Mn doped SnO2 (MTO)/SiO2/TiO2 was deposited on PET substrate by sequential RF/DC magnetron sputtering at room temperature. Optical and electrical properties were systematically investigated as a function of SiO2 thickness. In order to estimate the optical characteristics and compare them with experimental results in advance, the simulation program named EMP (Essential Macleod Program) was adopted. EMP simulation results suggested that a multilayered film of MTO (40 nm)/Ag (10 nm)/MTO (40 nm))/SiO2 (120 nm)/TiO2(10 nm) exhibited the highest visible transmittance of 86.4 % at 550 nm, whereas experimentally measured transmittance showed 85.1 % for MTO (40 nm)/Ag (10 nm)/MTO (40 nm))/SiO2 (90 nm)/TiO2(10 nm), somewhat lower than simulation data. X-ray diffraction patterns of the prepared SnO2 multi-layered films were found to have a typical amorphous phase. Measured film thickness was about 190 nm. The lowest Rs was about 7.4 ��/sq, acquired at the multi-layers with the structure of MTO (40 nm)/Ag (10 nm)/ MTO (40 nm)/ SiO2 (90 nm)/TiO2(10 nm). In addition, the sheet resistance and resistivity of MTO/Ag/MTO/SiO2/TiO2 multi layer films little changed with increasing the thickness of SiO2 layer from 10 to 120 nm. It was shown that the ��TC values of MTO/Ag/MTO/SiO2/TiO2 multi layer film were in the range of 28.2 �C 40.6 �A 10-3 �� �C1.

Ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTCs) include borides, carbides, and nitrides with melting temperatures above ∼2700⁰C. The UHTCs have been investigated for high temperature applications including thermal protection systems for hypersonic aerospace vehicles.
Three types of zirconium boride based systems (monolithic ZrB2, ZrB2 with 2 wt% of SiC and 2 wt% of B4C) were fabricated and compared by a sintering techniques; Hot Press (HP), Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) and special sintering technique High Pressure-High Temperature (HP-HT) Bridgman type apparatus.
The aim of the present contribution was to investigate the comperison of the obtained samples by different techniques.
Hot pressing was conducted in the AGH University of Science and Technology. Thermal Technology LLC equipment was used. All samples were sintered in argon flow, the heating rate was 10⁰/min, the soaking time was 30min and applied pressure was 25 MPa. Sample without sintering additives was sintered at 2100⁰C and samples with B4C and SiC were sintered at 2050⁰C.
Spark Plasma Sintering was conducted using HPD5 type, FCT system equipment. Samples were sintered in argon, under 35 MPa. The heating and cooling rate was 200⁰/min and soaking time was 10 min. The sintering temperatures were varying between 1700⁰C and 2100⁰C for pure ZrB2 and between 1700⁰C and 2000⁰C for samples with sintering aids. For samples with SiC and B4C additives, higher temperatures were not applied because liquid phase appeared in 2000⁰C and further heating could have cause damage of dye and equipment.
In High Pressure-High Temperature (HP-HT) method, the temperature of process was 1900 ± 50⁰C and the pressure 7.2 GPa. After sintering samples were prepared for further investigation by cutting grinding and polishing.
Samples achieved using HP-HT method exhibited the highest mechanical properties. The hardness of the monolith was approximately 15,2 GPa which after the SiC addition increased to a value of 18 GPa. The highest hardness was measured for the system ZrB2+B4C with a value of approximately 20 GPa.

Core-shell nanocontainers (NCs) with corrosion inhibitor benzotriazole (BTA) are prepared using layer-by-layer assembly of poly(diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) on kaolinite nanoparticles. Entrapment of BTA into the polyelectrolyte shell is realized in the assembly step. Electric light scattering method and electrophoresis are used for characterization the electrical properties of the NCs and for determination of their size during the assembly procedure. The BTA loaded NCs are incorporated into the matrix of a zinc coating during electrodeposition process on low carbon steel surface. The distribution of the NCs in the hybrid zinc coating and the almost complete lack of aggregation during the electrodeposition process are demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The influence of the NCs on the cathodic deposition process and on the anodic dissolution processes is checked with cyclic voltammetry (CVA). The protective properties of the composite coatings are characterized by selected test methods like Potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). Additionally, X-ray diffraction (XRD) is applied in order to establish the influence of NCs on the metallographic structure of the electrodeposited coating.

In the present work we report the synthesis of zeolite membrane on zirconium oxide and calcium silicate supports by secondary growth method. The effect of type of zeolite was evaluated on the formation of a homogeneous zeolite layer. Zirconia and calcium silicate disks of one centimeter of diameter were functionalized by (3-Mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane (MPS) and then they were rubbed with zeolite seeds. Two zeolite types were studied: LTA and MER. The functionalized substrates were submitted to hydrothermal treatment at 100°C, for 4 h and 175°C for 16h for LTA and MER zeolites, respectively. The products were characterized by SEM, XRD and IR techniques. The results indicated that the LTA zeolite led to formation of a homogeneous zeolite membrane on both substrates. While MER zeolite membrane only was obtained on the zirconia substrate. The nature of the substrate and the MPS had an important effect on the zeolite type growth on the substrate. The homogeneous zeolite membranes were soaked in a simulated body fluid in order to evaluate the formation of apatite layer this response could be associated to possible applications as bone filler.

Synthesis and structural characterization of acetaminophen loaded silver nano particles for joint pain Formulation applications were investigated. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were synthesized by chemical reduction method. The above mentioned synthesized materials were characterized by applying scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction, UV-VI Spectroscopy for confirmation of morphological analysis, compositional purity, crystalline property, emission and free drug which is present in supernatant characteristics as well. In order to Open ended tube method is used to determine the drug release efficiency of acetaminophen loaded silver nano particles. A suspension of silver nano particle is prepared by mixing AGNPS in water. Then 10 mg, 20mg, 30mg, 40mg, 50mg, and 60mg of acetaminophen is accurately measured and mixed in 100 ml of AGNPS suspension. The mixture of acetaminophen and silver nano particle is incubated for 24 hours under the string. The resulting mixture is centrifuged at 10000 rpm for 60 minutes. Pallets thus obtained are redispersed in water for further characterizations. Free drug present in supernatant is measured by UV-VI Sspetroscopy.

Present research deals with the study of cutting forces and dominant crater wear mechanisms responsible for material removal from the cutting edge of TaC-containing Ti(CN)-WC-Ni/Co based cermet tools during machining. TiCN based cermet compositions Ti(CN)-5WC-20Ni and Ti(CN)-5WC-10Ni-10Co-5TaC (in wt.%) processed via conventional sintering and SPS were selected for turning operations performed for 0.5 mm/rev feed rate and 0.9 mm depth of cut at 133 rpm for 180 sec and 435 rpm for 60 sec against 304 stainless steel rod and results were compared with commercially available cemented carbide tip (CCT) tool. Representative images of polished surfaces of sintered cermets revealed core rim morphology. The size and the frequency of the carbide size appear to differ with the cermet composition and processing technique in the SEM (BSE) images of the processed cermets. Higher cutting forces resulted at lower speed compared to higher speed. At lower speed, cutting edge of the tool tends to plough into workpiece surface to a larger extent and as the cutting speed increases, cutting becomes steady with a consequent reduction in the cutting force. Among the investigated tool materials, lower cutting force is observed in SPSed Ti(CN)-5WC-10Ni-10Co-5TaC cermet. The worn tool surface of conventional Ti(CN)-5WC-20Ni cermet showed cracks, grain pull-out and fracture at 133 rpm, while the intensity of crack, grain pull-out, and fracture increased at 435 rpm. Hard asperities or wear particles act as sharp indenters and generate cracks, which on further propagation and intersection lead to grain pull-outs on the cermet tool surface. Worn tool surface of conventionally sintered and SPSed Ti(CN)-5WC-10Ni-10Co-5TaC cermet revealed increased resistance against crack or fracture. Presence of adhered layer beneath the tool face of SPSed Ti(CN)-5WC-10Ni-10Co-5TaC cermet protected the tool from getting damage by continous rubbing during machining. Worn surfaces of cemented carbide tip tool revealed deeper abrasion and grain pull-out at 435 rpm. Ploughing harder tungsten oxide into the workpiece during machining led to deeper abrasion.

Chemistry plays an important role in the development of novel nanostructural materials ,and a simple control of solution chemistry can lead to speific changes in crystallite properties. One of the chemical techniques in the synthesis of nanoparticles is coprecepitation.The advantages of using this method are that the structural and morphological properties of nanoparticles can be varied by controlling the chemical and physical parameters of the reaction medium such as the alkali concentration, reaction temperature, molar ratio of salts, ionic strength of aqueous medium, and reaction time.
In this work, MnFe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesised using the coprecipitation method under two different NaOH concentration settings as reaction agents at 355 K (82 C). Structural and morphological properties of the nanoparticles were examined using X-ray diffraction and a scanning electron microscope. The decrease of NaOH concentration led to the increase of particle size, more crystallinity and a narrower particle size distribution.
The results were evaluated from a chemical point of view and were based on the supersaturation level, which was influenced by alkali concentration. It was concluded that the higher NaOH concentration led to a more rapid nucleation and more random cation distribution.. The magnetic properties of the nanoparticles examined by permeameter and faraday-balance equipment were consistent with the structural and morphological properties of the particles.

The development of zeolitic coatings has attracted the attention because of the specific properties of these materials. The coating on different surface can contribute to solving the problems related to classical zeolite catalyst, such as powder crystals, microgranules and pellets. The zeolite coatings improve the mass transfer, low pressure and flow patterns. For these reasons in the present work, we studied the zeolite coating formation on glass sphere. The effect of physical and chemical modification of the substrate on zeolite coating formation was evaluated. The glass spheres were grinding using SiC paper and then they were soaked in a polyelectrolyte solution (PDDA, APS, or PEI). Afterward, the modified spheres were submitted to hydrothermal treatment using a batch composition 0.0257K2O: 0.0146 Na2O: 0.0146Al2O3: 0.0557SiO2: 0.829H2O at 448 K for 24 h. According to XRD results, the coating formed on the functionalized sphere corresponded to merlinoite and philipsite phases. It was found that the pretreatment of the spheres enhances the formation of a homogeneous zeolite coating with improved textural properties compared to the coating obtained on the glass sphere without previous treatment. These properties make these materials useful for adsorption and catalytic processes.