Dr. Musa Rizaj

Abstract:

Kosovo possesses vast coal reserves, which have historically ensured energy security and economic stability. However, the environmental consequences of relying on coal, including high carbon emissions and air pollution, have prompted debates about the sustainability of this energy source. This paper explores the tension between energy security and environmental sustainability in Kosovo’s coal-based power sector. It evaluates the economic benefits of coal for a small, developing nation while addressing the growing environmental and health costs. The study argues that while renewable energy is seen as a cleaner alternative, the transition is fraught with challenges due to the country's dependence on coal and lack of renewable infrastructure. A more realistic approach could involve improving coal efficiency and implementing cleaner technologies to balance energy security with environmental goals. This analysis highlights the need for a pragmatic, gradual shift rather than an immediate overhaul of Kosovo's energy sector.