Dr. Thomas Hess

Abstract:

The history and evolution of our species has always been closely linked with environmental factors. During the last years, the dramatic consequences of climate change and catastrophic events had an impact on humanity on a global level. In combination with methodologies from a variety of partner disciplines, Prehistoric Archaeology is the only academic field that analyses the interdependence between human societies and changing environmental conditions from a long-term perspective and based on the study of material culture. Therefore, it leads to a better understanding of the use of resources throughout time and space and is able to contribute to the solution of several problems that we are facing today. The last time human beings were subject to equally rapid changes, was towards the end of the last ice age (Late Glacial Interstadial), around 14,500 years ago. This period was marked by the disappearance of large reindeer herds in Central Europe and important innovations such as the widespread use of bow and arrow or domesticated dogs for hunting. The lecture gives an overview over the various ways in which interactions with natural resources have influenced human history and evolution. Based on several case studies, it shows how people adapted to new climatic conditions and challenges in the past. Finally, it presents strategies developed by prehistoric societies aimed at a more efficient and sustainable use of resources that could also lead to practical implications in the presence.