<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#212529;">Water, something that we often take for granted, has a fourth phase [1] that holds mysteries crucial to understanding many natural phenomena. This theory on structured water fourth phase was often met with skepticism and labelled as pseudo-science but recently, finds acceptance as researches advances with more evidences through more sensitive equipment and modern super-computer quantum energy calculations.</span></p><p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#212529;">The concept of Structured Water (SW) fourth phase between solid and liquid is defined as cluster of water molecules joined by strong H-bonds to form relative stable ringed-structures molecular called Coherent Domains (CD) with characteristics&nbsp;<span lang="EN-US" dir="ltr">that differs from classical notions of&nbsp;</span>bulk liquid&nbsp;<span lang="EN-US" dir="ltr">water</span>.&nbsp;<span lang="EN-US" dir="ltr">Based on the Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) field theory, t</span>he two phases, unstructured/non-coherent bulk water and structured/coherent (CD) water, exist together in liquid water at variable proportion depending on water conditions and environment [2-6]. The Coherent Domains (CD) are created when water molecules oscillate&nbsp;<span lang="EN-US" dir="ltr">between two electronic configurations in phase with a resonating&nbsp;</span>electromagnetic field (EMF) <span lang="EN-US" dir="ltr">[7-8]</span>, which can create a quantum resonating cavity in the Coherent Domain (CD) trapping specific frequencies/waves&nbsp;<span lang="EN-US" dir="ltr">[9-10]</span>. In other words, bulk water may convert into (SW) water by resonating with and collecting coherent (EMF) fields generated from either in vivo or environmental sources&nbsp;<span lang="EN-US" dir="ltr">[11].&nbsp;</span>The trapped non-vanishing (EMF) field doesn’t dissipate and tends to resonate with other CDs coherently. This phenomenon is referred to as Water Memory (WM) by Dr. Luc Montagnier&nbsp;<span lang="EN-US" dir="ltr">[12].&nbsp;</span>Similarly, at hydrophilic surfaces, structured water (CD) is formed as dense lattice of hexagonal-ringed molecules expelling contaminates out of those tight H-bonded layers of hexagonal rings,&nbsp;<span lang="EN-US" dir="ltr">firstly referred to as Exclusion Zone (EZ) by Dr. Gerald Pollack. The honey comb structure forms 60 degree shifted layers up to 1 mm in thickness capable of accommodating helix structure&nbsp;</span>[13-14]<span lang="EN-US" dir="ltr">.</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#212529;">Recent (SW) studies&nbsp;employing Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) to detect and image structured water (CD) in liquid water and on metal surfaces [15-18].&nbsp;<span lang="EN-US" dir="ltr">AFM images revealed water supra-molecules of various sizes and shapes potentially comprising millions to billions of clustered H-bonded water molecules with soft, gel-like properties. Each supra-molecules rod-like or spiral-helical structures comprised of much smaller “spheres” resembling&nbsp;</span>pentamers and hexagonal ring structure <span lang="EN-US" dir="ltr">(CD). The spheres’ (CD) outer shell is electron-dense, indicating that the outer shells are a cloud or cold vortex of quasi-free electrons. These structures remain stable for weeks or months at room temperature and pressure [19]. As CD spheres approach a hydrophilic surface, they flatten out into a liquid crystalline lattice, known as Exclusion Zone (EZ), composed of tight layers of H-bonded, hexagonal-ringed water molecules [20].&nbsp;</span>The cold vortices of quasi-free electrons in the outer shell of the (CD) sphere are converted into quasi-free electrons within the (EZ) layers that interfaced with the hydrophilic surface [6,7,20]. When the H-bond strength increases to provide more structure to water, it becomes less fluid, with higher viscosity but the pentamers and hexagonal ring structure <span lang="EN-US" dir="ltr">(CD) spheres or rods is&nbsp;</span>less dense<span lang="EN-US" dir="ltr"> than liquid bulk water (similar to ice). However, the tight lattice structured water at hydrophilic surfaces is more dense than liquid bulk water [21].</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#212529;">In structured coherent domain the molecular electrons fluctuate between being strongly bound (ionization potential 12.60 eV) and an excited configuration (12.06 eV) in which one electron per molecule is “quasi-free”. Additionally, the trapped (EMF) radiation inside the (CD) had an equivalent of (0.26 eV) [19,22]. Even weak energy sources like red light (~680nm) have enough energy (1.8 eV)</span><span style="color:black;">&nbsp;</span><span style="color:#212529;">to bring the quasi-free electrons over the threshold of ionization potential. Infrared and other weak frequencies emitting subtle (EMF) electromagnetic and magnetic fields are able to increase structured water (EZ) [23-24]. However, many studies showed that, microwave frequencies (2.45 GHz) of older cell phones and (20-60 GHz) of newer 5G reduce water structure (EZ) layers since they destroy covalent bonds and disrupt H-bonding dynamics in water [25-27]</span><span style="color:black;">.</span></p><p><span style="color:#212529;">(SW) is not just H₂O but rather pentamers or hexagonal ring structure with 3 x ^-eH₃O₂ which bears noticeable negative charge (-100 mV to -200mV) due to losing protons ⁺H to the adjacent bulk water forming positively charged hydronium ions ⁺H₃O, lowering its pH &lt; 7 and serving as energy reservoir [28]. A quantum computational model study of anionic and neutral hexamer structures showed that a set of two hexamer rings could be stacked on top of another with quasi-free electrons in the π orbitals. The computational spectral signature of (SW) hexagonal rings was 271 nm [29], which matched the experimental spectral signature of (EZ) water 270 nm [30-31].</span></p>