The development of the steel industry in Brazil is a story of continuous growth and modernization, driven by investments in technology, expansion of production capacity and the search for new markets. However, this sector faces significant challenges in both import and export, which impact its competitiveness and sustainability. In recent decades, the industry has undergone a process of modernization, with investments in more efficient and sustainable technologies, such as the use of electric furnaces and the adoption of circular economy practices. Brazil has become one of the largest steel producers in the world, with an installed capacity of over 50 million tons per year. In addition, the steel industry is a major employer, providing thousands of direct and indirect jobs, and contributing significantly to the country's industrial GDP. In the areas of import and export, competitiveness with China and the Australia is analyzed, as they impose trade barriers, as well as tariffs, aiming to protect their local industries. Steel prices are volatile due to the interference of factors such as global demand, material costs and trade policies. Furthermore, the steel industry is one of the largest contributors to CO₂ emissions into the atmosphere, and the search for more sustainable production is leading the industry to invest in greener technologies. This article discusses how the advancement of the steel industry has impacted the environment, which other countries compete with Brazil and what measures have been adopted to protect the environment.