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    ANALYSIS OF THE HYDROGEN GAS AS FUEL FOR LARGE BLAST FURNACES USING A COMPREHENSIVE MULTIPHASE NUMERICAL SIMULATION APPROACH
    Jose Adilson De Castro1; Giulio Antunes De Medeiros2; Elizabeth Oliveira3;
    1UFF - FEDERAL FLUMINENSE UNIVERSITY, Volta Redonda, Brazil; 2UFF-PROGRAMA DE POS GRADUAçãO EM ENGENHARIA METALURGICA, Volta Redonda, Brazil; 3CENTER FOR TECHNOLOGICAL EDUCATION CELSO SUCKOW DA FONSECA, Valenca, Brazil;
    PAPER: 68/Iron/Regular (Oral) OS
    SCHEDULED: 11:55/Thu. 30 Nov. 2023/Dreams 2



    ABSTRACT:
    A numerical simulation procedure is proposed for analyzing hydrogen, oxygen, and blast furnace gas (BFG) injections mixed with pulverized coal within the tuyeres of large blast furnaces. The massive use of hydrogen-rich gas is highly attractive to the steelmaking blast furnace in the context of carbon net-zero hot metal production. Likewise, this new approach allows for increasing productivity and decreasing the specific emissions of carbon dioxide toward a net-zero carbon ironmaking technology. Nevertheless, mixed gas with pulverized coal injections is a complex technology with drastic changes in the inner temperature and gas flow patterns, beyond their effects on the chemical reactions and energy exchanges. Focusing on the evaluation of inner furnace status under such complex operation a comprehensive mathematical model has been developed using the multi-interactions of phases theory. The model treats simultaneously the lump solids (sinter, small coke, pellets, granular coke, and iron ores), gas, liquids metal and slag, and pulverized coal phases. The governing conservation equations are formulated for momentum, mass, chemical species, and energy simultaneously discretized and solved using the finite volume technique. The numerical model is verified against a reference operational condition using pulverized coal of 195 kilograms per ton of hot metal (kg/thm). Thus, combined injections of varying fuel hydrogen, BFG, and oxygen concentrations are simulated for 180 and 220 kg/thm of coal injection. Theoretical analysis showed that stable operations conditions could be achieved with a productivity increase of 53%. Finally, we demonstrated that the net carbon utilization per hot metal ton decreased to 15%.

    References:
    [1] Castro JA, Takano C, Yagi J. A theoretical study using the multiphase numerical simulation technique for effective use of H2 as blast furnaces fuel. J. Mater Res Technol 2017; 6:258-270.
    [2] de Castro JA, de Medeiros GA, de Oliveira EM. A Comprehensive Modeling as a Tool for Developing New Mini Blast Furnace Technologies Based on Biomass and Hydrogen Operation. J. Sustain. Metall. 2020; 6:281-293.
    [3] de Castro JA, de Medeiros GA, de Oliveira EM, de Campos MF, Nogami H. The Mini Blast Furnace Process: An Efficient Reactor for Green Pig Iron Production Using Charcoal and Hydrogen-Rich Gas: A Study of Cases. Metals. 2020; 10(11): 1501-1522.