Society has hugely benefitted from recent advances in biological sciences through numerous applications in medicine, agriculture and industry. Current trends in society, governance structures and communications are however beginning to constrain potential benefits in some ways. Limitations are illustrated with examples selected from our own findings on the impacts of global climate change on mosquito borne diseases [1] involving the adaptation of fresh water mosquito vectors to salinity in coastal areas [1,2], the decrease in dengue transmission during COVID-19 lockdown [3], the recent spread of the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi in South Asia and Africa [4], as well as the use of molecular diagnostic techniques for differentiating tick-borne Lyme Disease and Relapsing Fever Borreliosis [5]. 

The contribution made by the recently developed vaccines in saving lives and preventing severe illness due to the COVID-19 throughout the world is widely recognised. However, some avoidable hindrances in the global implementation of the COVID-19 vaccination program that could have further reduced morbidity and mortality from COVID-19, are highlighted as another example.