| The use of M. Faraday's works for the development of technologies in metallurgy and chemistry Essen Suleimenov1; Rustam Sharipov2; Bolysbek T. Utelbayev3; 1KAZAKH BRITISH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, Almaty, Kazakhstan; 2KAZAKH-BRITISH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, Almaty, Kazakhstan; 3KAZAKH-BRITISH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan; PAPER: 354/SolidStateChemistry/Regular (Oral) SCHEDULED: 15:15/Tue. 29 Nov. 2022/Andaman 1 ABSTRACT: The huge experimental material presented in the world scientific literature confirms the correctness of M. Faraday's views on the effect of electric current on chemical reactions. The key points in the development of scientific ideas on the nature and the mechanism of physicochemical processes are the following provisions of the works of M. Faraday: the identity of energy manifestations in the interaction of material objects and the discrete nature of the electric current. Theories developed without taking into account the works of M. Faraday made it possible to disregard the identity of energy manifestations in the interaction of material objects. This circumstance also influenced the lack of attention to the use of the discreteness of the electric current for practical application. We have shown that a change in a wide range of electrical signal parameters can promote unusual chemical reactions and physicochemical processes at the interface and in condensed systems. For example, we found that under the influence of electromagnetic fields, the electrical conductivity of melts can decrease with increasing temperature and change at a constant temperature. Crossed electromagnetic fields cause phase and quantitative division of melts, both synthetic oxide melts and oxide-sulfide multicomponent systems, etc. etc. We need specific knowledge about production objects: solid, gaseous and liquid. If with the first two objects the situation is more or less acceptable, then modern science knows surprisingly little about the liquid. The discussion about the structure of liquid systems has not stopped for over a hundred years. The official scientific point of view on the nature of liquids was formed at the beginning of the 20th century, when the outstanding Swedish scientist Svante Arrhenius received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1903. The prize was awarded to him "... for his services to the development of chemistry with his electrolytic theory of dissociation" (1903 to Professor S. Arrhenius, Stockholm, for the services he has rendered to the advancement of chemistry by his electrolytic theory of dissociation). His theory was supported by Nernst and Tubandt. This served as the basis for considering the Arrhenius theory as a scientific fact, and not as an assumption. Over time, this theory became the official scientific point of view, and was called the "theory of electrolytic dissociation." Undoubtedly, the theory of S. Arrhenius, an outstanding scientist-chemist, had a significant impact on the development of technologies using the electrolysis process. The success of this theory for use in creating technologies in metallurgy was due to the availability of high quality raw materials. With the deterioration of the mineral resource base, the struggle of scientific ideas around the question of liquid has grown for metallurgists from a scientific field to a purely practical one. Fundamental concepts existing in world science have long ceased to satisfy practice. Changing theoretical concepts will cause a stream of non-standard technical solutions. Our experimental data can serve as a basis for creating effective technological processes. Some examples are presented below. 1. If we approach the problem of the structure of aluminate solutions, the presence of undissociated molecules in the solution made it possible to propose a method for the decomposition of aluminate solutions by the method of reversal of molecular dipoles "along the field" with the subsequent destruction of intermolecular bonds and destruction of molecular complexes. 2. Similarly, the use of the physical parameters of the electric current for the directed orientation of molecular complexes in melts makes it possible to propose a number of methods for reducing the loss of metals in the course of pyrometallurgical processes. 3. The use of the properties of the molecular nature of the structure of oils, in particular the presence of triboelectric effects at the interface of molecular structures, makes it possible to create technologies for corrosion protection of pipelines and equipment in the oil refining industry. 4. Taking into account Faraday's thesis on the identity of energy manifestations in the interaction of material objects made it possible to use the frequency-amplitude characteristics of plastic deformation and destruction of materials and structures to create technical solutions for the physical and mechanical strengthening of metal products. |
