Abstract:
Globally, we have established the sustainable development aim with an emphasis on social inequities reduction, economic growth, and the security of food, water, energy, and the environment as well as against global warming and climate change.
Coal is one of essential resources to provide economic and energy demands of Mongolia. Hence, a transition to clean innovative coal technologies that reduce CO2 emissions is urgently needed in order to satisfy global environmental requirements as well as to achieve sustainable economic growth and energy security of Mongolia. Clean coal technologies including pyrolysis, gasification, and chemical catalytic conversions, can process coal at molecular level and convert it into high efficiency electricity, hydrogen, synthetic natural gas, liquid fuels and various kinds of chemical products [1].
Furthermore, mining and mineral processing plants have been developed as a leading sector of the economy, production that uses natural resources dominates, and the amount of waste and piles increases every year, causing some environmental and social issues. In Mongolia, 54.4-56.2 million tons of waste generates annually from the processing plant of Erdenet and Oyutolgoi companies, which produce copper concentrate, continue to accumulate in tailings storage facility.
Accumulated waste has a unique mineral compositions and has the potential to become a source of various minerals, from which non-ferrous and rare precious metals, construction materials (sand, gravel, clay, sorghum, etc.) can be used. The practice of separating non-ferrous and rare metals into concentrates or pure metals by special enrichment methods is entering the industry. More recently, Mongolia has built its first-ever European high-tech metal powder plant, with annual capacity of 3,000 tons of powders of copper, brass, bronze, tin, and other metals [2].
Approximately 3 million tons of rare earth elements reserves have been determined in Mongolia, which accounts for 2.5% of the world's reserves. It is necessary to approve and implement the "Rare Earth Elements" National Program in Mongolia [3].
In the future, the rapid development of the modern industries in the form of "Coal-chemical complex", “Steel production complex”, and “Metallurgical complex” megaprojects as well as “Science and industrial parks” based on the global market is the effective and the progressive in many ways.
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