Abstract:
For four decades, the development of biointerfaces has been the subject of increasing research efforts in the field of analytical chemistry and energy conversion. In particular, the functionalization of electrodes by biomaterials based on electrogenerated polymers, carbon nanotubes and / or nano-objects, is widely used for the design of biosensors and biofuel cells [1,2].
Some new approaches for developing nanostructured biomaterials like buckypapers based on functionalized carbon nanotubes, will be illustrated with enzymes as biosensing element or for energy conversion. Composite bioelectrodes by compression of enzymes and carbon nanotube mixtures and creation of microcavities, will be reported [3]. The development of glyconanoparticles resulting from the self-assembly of block copolymers composed of polystyrene and cyclodextrin as an inclusion site will be also reported. These glyconanoparticles allow a post-functionalization by hydrophobic molecules through host-guest interactions [4,5]. It appears that it is possible to modulate the site density of βCD at the surface of the shell of the hybrid glyconanoparticles while maintaining its inclusion properties. They were used in solution or immobilized for fixing redox mediators or enzymes modified by adamantane groups. Moreover, the anchoring of glyconanoparticles to the surface of electrodes has been carried out by host-guest interactions with electrogenerated polymers. Fluorescent nanoparticles were thus spatially addressed on surfaces. The efficient immobilization of the nanoparticles allows the anchoring of multilayers of biotinylated glucose oxidase [6]. This innovative approach will be applied to the elaboration of solubilized enzymatic fuel cell or biosensors [7].
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