2022-Sustainable Industrial Processing Summit
SIPS2022 Volume 18 Intl. Symp on Advanced Materials, Polymers, Composite, Nanomaterials, Nanotechnologies and Manufacturing
| Editors: | F. Kongoli, F. Marquis, N. Chikhradze, T. Prikhna, M. De Campos, S. Lewis, S. Miller, S. Thomas. |
| Publisher: | Flogen Star OUTREACH |
| Publication Year: | 2022 |
| Pages: | 290 pages |
| ISBN: | 978-1-989820-68-1(CD) |
| ISSN: | 2291-1227 (Metals and Materials Processing in a Clean Environment Series) |
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High Energy Density Sodium Batteries Based on Earth-Abundant Elements
Gabriela Wazny1; Katarzyna Walczak1; Wojciech Zając1; Janina Molenda2;1AGH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Krakow, Poland; 2AGH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, KRAKóW, Kraków, Poland;
Type of Paper: Regular
Id Paper: 203
Topic: 43
Abstract:
Even though they are considered as a symbol of the green revolution, Li-ion batteries are mostly made of components that consist of difficult to obtain, toxic and expensive raw materials. From this point of view, Na-ion batteries, based on available and non-toxic elements, seem to be a better solution for the future [1–3]. The working mechanism of both Li-ion and Na-ion batteries based on intercalation is similar. Since cathode material’s properties have the most significant impact on cell performance, numerous systems are investigated in this role. Among layered oxides, especially NaxMnO2-based cathode material (NMO) is under consideration due to its high capacity and low-cost elements [4].
Since NMO has several drawbacks, such as relatively low stability upon cycling, Mg substitution was applied to stabilize its crystal structure. The presented work shows the substitution influence on structural and electrochemical properties.
Investigated materials were obtained via a sol-gel method. Their structural properties were then analyzed by X-ray diffractometry, whichconfirmed the single-phase hexagonal structure with P63/mmc space group. The morphology of the samples, performed by Scanning Electron Microscopy, showed grains of few micrometers in size. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to investigate the conductivity and revealed that the Mg-substituted sample indicates the conductivity higher by an order of magnitude than NMO. The ionic process's activation energy was 0.19 eV for NMO and 0.33 eV for the Mg-substituted sample. The samples were used to prepare coin cells, which have undergone electrochemical tests. Na/Na+/NaxMg0.2Mn0.8O2 cell retains specific capacity exceeding 100 mAh/g after over 120 cycles at 200 mA/g (1C) current rate with the undistorted crystal structure.
The conducted research allowed to obtain cheap and environmentally friendly cathode material for Na-ion batteries. Mg substitution resulted in increasing structural stability upon cycling.
Keywords:
Energy; Environment; New and advanced materials;References:
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[3] C. Li, F. Geng, B. Hu, Mater. Today Energy. 17 (2020) 100474.
[4] S. Katayama, T. Katase, T. Tohei, B. Feng, Y. Ikuhara, H. Ohta, Cryst. Growth Des. 17 (2017) 1849–1853.