| Effects of Size and Morphology of Antimony Working as Anodes for Na-ion Batteries Justyna Płotek1; Andrzej Kulka2; Janina Molenda3; 1AGH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Kraków, Poland; 2AGH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Cracow, Poland; 3AGH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, KRAKóW, Kraków, Poland; PAPER: 198/AdvancedMaterials/Regular (Oral) SCHEDULED: 14:00/Tue. 29 Nov. 2022/Saitong ABSTRACT: The energy storage systems market was dominated by Li-ion batteries (LIBs) almost as soon as they were commercialized in 1991. Demand for this technology is forecasted to grow further, especially with the growing use of renewable energy sources, which need reliable, high efficiency and high capacity energy storage system [1]. However, limited lithium abundance in the earth’s crust intensifies the search for an alternative technology. Na-ion batteries is a proposed solution, because of similar to the LIBs operation mechanism and abundance of sodium on earth. Nevertheless, the lack of appropriate anode materials is one of the major hindrances in the development of that technology. The most common anode material for Li-ion batteries – graphite, intercalate Na<sup>+</sup> ions only in a limited range. Researchers' attention is drawn to elements from the 14 and 15 groups of the periodic table, working in Na-ions via alloying materials. Among them, antimony stands out because of its high electrical conductivity (2,56·10<sup>6</sup> S m<sup>-1</sup>) and also the high theoretical capacity of 660 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> [2]. However, the volume change related to alloying/dealloying process is approximate 293% which causes severe microstructure degradation and as a result impeded reaction kinetics and poor cycling stability [3]. The prospective strategy to overcome obstacles is synthesizing the nano-sized Sb. The aim is to elucidate the relationship between physicochemical properties, size, and morphology of Sb-particles. The work presents a comparison of structural and electrochemical properties of nano-sized antimony synthesized via hydrothermal reaction [4] and bulk micrometric Sb. The X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were conducted to specify the structural properties of materials. The electrochemical properties of the materials were verified by means of the standard charge/discharge cycles, rate capability tests, XRD in situ measurements, CV voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The voltage profiles confirm that during the alloying the Na<sub>3</sub>Sb phase was formatted. The nanosized materials decreased stress-strain and as a result, improved cycle stability of cells. References: [1] J. Y. Hwang, S. T. Myung, and Y. K. Sun, Chem. Soc. Rev., 46 (2017) 3529–3614. [2] H. Tan, D. Chen, X. Rui, and Y. Yu, Adv. Funct. Mater., 29 (2019) 1808745. [3] T. Ramireddy, N. Sharma, T. Xing, Y. Chen, J. Leforestier, and A. M. Glushenkov, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 8 (2016) 30152–30164. [4] R. Li et al., Nanoscale Res. Lett., 11 (2016) 486. |
