Abstract:
The wealth of particles generated in high energy collisions are explained by the standard model. In this model there are sixteen particles which are considered elementary. To that one has to add a seventeen one, the Higgs particle. The force acting between elementary particles is the strong force mediated by gluons, the weak force mediated by the bosons W+, W- and Z0 and the electromagnetic interaction, mediated by photons. The gravitational force, though present, is so weak that it is neglected.
About a decade ago Prof. Vayenas [1,2] suggested that the strong force is generated by rapidly moving particles with a velocity, v, very close to that of light, c. This results in a significant increase in the Lorentz factor (1-vv/cc)-1/2 hence also in the effective mass of the moving particles. The Lorentz factor was introduced into the gravitational force expression. An existing experimental report showed that the proton contains three components and it originally led to the three-quark model of the proton and neutron. Prof. Vayenas suggested, that the proton and neutron are composed of three particles rotating at a high speed very close to c and are interacting through the gravitational force. Solving for the bound states of the rotating particles, in analogy to the Bohr model, led to a LOrentz factor ~1010 and a rest mass of 0.0437 eV/c2 for the rotating particles which, at the time, was of the order of the upper limit for the neutrino and is now known experimentally to be very close to the measured mass of the neutrino. Thus, in this model the strong force does not require the existence of gluons and the quarks are presented as moving neutrinos. The mass of the particles composed of three rotating neutrinos is of the order of 1 GeV/c2 or more. An outstanding success of the new theory is a calculation of the pressure inside a proton. in full agreement with an experimental value recently reported.[3]
In recent years Prof. Vayenas extended this analysis to other particles generated in high energy collisions. Thus in the new model the list of elementary particles reduces to only electrons and positrons and neutrinos. All the rest are either superfluous (the gluons), are replaced by neutrinos (quarks) or are a combination of neutrinos and electrons. This drastically simplifies the model of matter and our understanding of the universe along the line of thinking of Albert Einstein that was looking for a unification of the forces in nature.
References:[1] C.G. Vayenas, S.N.-A. Souentie, A. Fokas, Physica A 405 (2014) 360.
[2] C.G. Vayenas, S.N.-A. Souentie, Gravity, Special Relativity and the Strong Force, Springer, 2012.
[3] C.G. Vayenas, D. Grigoriu and E. Martino, J. Mech. Behav. Mater., (accepted).
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