2019-Sustainable Industrial Processing Summit
SIPS2019 Volume 7: Schrefler Intl. Symp. / Geomechanics and Applications for Sustainable Development
| Editors: | F. Kongoli, E. Aifantis, A. Chan, D. Gawin, N. Khalil, L. Laloui, M. Pastor, F. Pesavento, L. Sanavia |
| Publisher: | Flogen Star OUTREACH |
| Publication Year: | 2019 |
| Pages: | 190 pages |
| ISBN: | 978-1-989820-06-3 |
| ISSN: | 2291-1227 (Metals and Materials Processing in a Clean Environment Series) |
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Computational Simulations of Catastrophic Plate Tectonics in our Earth’s History
Mark F. Horstemeyer1;1LIBERTY UNIVERSITY, Virgina, United States;
Type of Paper: Regular
Id Paper: 446
Topic: 51
Abstract:
Simulations using a history-dependent and physically-motivated Internal State Variable (ISV) constitutive model implemented into a spherical Finite Element code, TERRA3D, for the entire Earth’s mantle is used to illustrate the catastrophic plate tectonics event in our Earth’s history. We investigate the kinetics of dynamic recrystallization, grain size, and their influences on the mantle dynamics during its convection. The unique aspect of this study was that an explicit recrystallization variable was introduced and connected with the grain size kinetics, thus unifying static (grain size increases) and dynamic recrystallization (grain size decreases). We found that significant dynamic recrystallization (grain size reduction) occurred in the descending slabs and adjacent mantle, thus weakening its strength. Due to the rheological weakening, frequent episodic overturns and mantle avalanches were observed. Furthermore, strongly heterogeneous microstructures and associated viscosities were predicted in the entire mantle, because of the competition between the dynamic recrystallization, grain refinement, and grain growth under the geological setting. The grain size tended to be larger (~106 µm) in the upper mantle (below the lithospheric mantle) as the grain growth rate overtook the grain size reduction rate, while relatively small grain sizes (102 ~ 103 µm) were observed in the lower mantle as dynamically recrystallized downwelling slabs continuously flowed. In particular, exceptional heterogeneity of microstructure and rheology was observed nearby the core-mantle boundary depending on the kinetics of the dynamic recrystallization and grain size. Amazingly, this high rate event appears to align with worldwide flood stories as documented in the bible as well as other ancient manuscripts such as the Epic of Gilgamesh.