2018 - Sustainable Industrial Processing Summit & Exhibition
4-7 November 2018, Rio Othon Palace, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
Seven Nobel Laureates have already confirmed their attendance: Prof. Dan Shechtman, Prof. Sir Fraser Stoddart, Prof. Andre Geim, Prof. Thomas Steitz, Prof. Ada Yonath, Prof. Kurt Wüthrich and Prof. Ferid Murad. More than 400 Abstracts Submitted from about 60 Countries.
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    High Performance of Chemically Modified TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanotubes for Lithium-ion Microbatteries
    Thierry Djenizian1;
    1ECOLE DES MINES SAINT-ETIENNE, Gardanne, France;
    PAPER: 203/Battery/Regular (Oral)
    SCHEDULED: 16:45/Mon./Asian (60/3rd)



    ABSTRACT:
    Modern microelectronic devices such as backup power for computer memories, MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS), medical implants, smart cards, Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) tags, and remote sensors have necessitated the development of high performance power sources at the microscale. In this context, the development of three-dimensional (3D) microbatteries forms a viable alternative to provide high volumetric energy densities to meet the demands of these devices.[1] The development of nano-architectured electrodes is one of the most promising approaches to realize the 3D paradigm of microbatteries.[2] Among all the potential anode materials, TiO<sub>2</sub> nanotubes (TiO<sub>2</sub>-NTs) possess remarkable characteristics for the design of 3D Li-ion microbatteries. Self-organized nanotubular materials allow a good diffusion of Li ions in the porous structures, and the 1D morphology allows an efficient charge transfer along the axis of the tube that results in a good apparent electronic conductivity of the TiO<sub>2</sub>-NTs layer, when compared to a film composed of nanoparticles [3,4]. Anatase TiO<sub>2</sub> can accommodate only 0.5 Li<sup>+</sup> per formula unit, corresponding to a theoretical capacity of 168 mAh g<sup>-1</sup>. Hence, several approaches have been investigated to improve the overall performance of TiO<sub>2</sub>-NTs for the design of high-performance Li-ion microbatteries. Doping with aliovalent ions like Niobium (Nb<sup>5+</sup>) is also a facile strategy to modify the electronic properties of titanium oxide and thereby enhance the electrochemical performance.[5,6] <br />We report the fabrication of self-supported Nb doped TiO<sub>2</sub>-NTs by anodization of Nb/Ti alloys devoid of any carbon additives or binders. An increase in the capacity of the TiO<sub>2</sub>-NTs was observed as the Nb doping concentration increased. Such a composition of 10 wt.% Nb doped TiO<sub>2</sub>-NTs (Nb10-TiO<sub>2</sub>-NTs) showed a first cycle capacity of 200 mAh.g<sup>-1</sup> (0.144 mAh.cm<sup>-2</sup>) compared to pristine TiO<sub>2</sub>-NTs, which gave a capacity of 115 mAh.g<sup>-1</sup> (0.078 mAh.cm<sup>-2</sup>) at C/10. Galvanostatic cycling tests at various C-rates revealed the influence of Nb doping in the TiO<sub>2</sub>-NTs. Compared to pristine TiO<sub>2</sub>-NTs, the discharge capacities of doped nanotubes are improved and almost doubled when the Nb concentration reaches 10 wt.%. Besides a good cycling behaviour at multiple C-rates, an overall capacity retention of 87 % is achieved after 100 cycles. According to Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy measurements, the enhanced electrochemical performance of the Nb-doped TiO<sub>2</sub>-NTs is attributed to their higher electronic conductivity.

    References:
    [1] B.L. Ellis, P. Knauth, T. Djenizian, Three-Dimensional self-supported metal oxides for advanced energy storage, Adv. Mater. 26 (2014) 3368-3397.<br />[2] J.W. Long, B. Dunn, D.R. Rolison, H.S. White, Three-Dimensional Battery Architectures, Chem. Rev., 104 (2004), 4463-4492.<br />[3] G.F. Ortiz, I. Hanzu, T. Djenizian, P. Lavela, J.L. Tirado, P. Knauth, Alternative Li-Ion Battery Electrode Based on Self-Organized Titania Nanotubes, Chem. Mater., 21 (2009), 63-67.<br />[4] T. Djenizian, I. Hanzu, P. Knauth, Nanostructured negative electrodes based on titania for Li-ion microbatteries , J. Mater. Chem., 21 (2011), 9925-9937.<br />[5] Y.Wang, B. M Smarsly, I. Djerdj, Niobium Doped TiO2 with Mesoporosity and Its Application for Lithium Insertion, Chem. Mater., 22 (2010), 6624-6631.<br />[6] M. Fehse, S. Cavaliere, P. E. Lippens, I. Savych, A. Iadecola, L. Monconduit, D. J. Jones, J. Roziere, F. Fischer, C. Tessierand, L. Stievano, Nb-Doped TiO2 Nanofibers for Lithium Ion Batteries, J. Phys. Chem. C, 117 (2013), 13827-13835.