2018-Sustainable Industrial Processing Summit
SIPS2018 Volume 8. Composite, Ceramic, Nanomaterials and Mathematics
| Editors: | F. Kongoli, M. de Campos |
| Publisher: | Flogen Star OUTREACH |
| Publication Year: | 2018 |
| Pages: | 184 pages |
| ISBN: | 978-1-987820-96-6 |
| ISSN: | 2291-1227 (Metals and Materials Processing in a Clean Environment Series) |
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Effects of Various Additives and Sintering Temperature on Phase Evolution and Properties of Carbon-Clay Ceramic Composites
Fatai Olufemi Aramide1; Olusola Dayo Adepoju2; Patricia Abimbola Popoola3;1DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING, FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, Akure, Nigeria; 2METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING, FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, Akure, Nigeria; 3DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL, METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING, TSHWANE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, Pretoria, South Africa;
Type of Paper: Regular
Id Paper: 89
Topic: 18
Abstract:
Effects of Ifon clay, various additives, and sintering temperature on the phase development and physico-mechanical properties of mullite-carbon ceramic composite were investigated. Powders of Ifon clay, kaolin from Okpella, and graphite of known mineralogical composition were thoroughly blended in a ball mill for 3 hours at a speed of 60 rev/min using a predetermined ratio. From the blended powders, standard samples were produced by uniaxial compression. This was followed by sintering in an electric furnace at 1400°C, 1500°C and 1600°C for one hour. The sintered samples were characterized for various physical and mechanical properties. The phases developed in the sample during sintering were also investigated using X-ray diffractometer (XRD). Morphology and microanalysis of the sintered ceramic composite samples were determined using ultrahigh resolution field emission scanning electron microscope (UHR-FESEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). It was observed that the Ifon clay addition to the sample favours the formation of microcline over mullite at temperatures between 1400°C and 1500°C in sample A. As the sintering temperature increases to 1600°C, there is the formation of mullite phase and pores in sample A [1]. For sample B, 10% SiC served as nucleating point for SiC around 1400°C [2, 3]. 10% TiO<sub>2</sub> led to the development of 2.5% TiC at 1500°C which increased to 6.8% at 1600°C. Ifon clay in the sample led to the development of anorthite and microcline in the samples. 10% TiO<sub>2</sub> is effective as anti-oxidant for graphite up to 1500°C in sample C [3]. For sample D, the addition of TiO<sub>2</sub> and SiC in the sample led to the formation of TiC in the sample at 1400°C and 1600°C. This takes place through high temperature solid state reaction (reaction sintering) of TiO<sub>2</sub> and SiC. This also contributes to the reduction in the apparent porosity of the sample with increased sintering temperature [4, 5]. The presence of titania in the sample does not favour the stability of anorthite beyond 1400°C. The formation of 50.6 % mullite in the sample at 1500°C gave it the highest cold crushing strength and absorbed energy. The sample D sintered at 1500°C is considered optimal.
Keywords:
Carbon; Ceramic; Characterization; Clay; Composites;References:
[1] F. O. Aramide, Effects of sintering temperature on the phase developments and mechanicalproperties Ifon clay, Leonardo J. of Sc., 14, 26, (2015), 67-82.
[2] Forrest, C. W.; Kennedy, P.; Shennan, J. V. Special Ceramics. 5 (1972) 99.
[3] Kennedy, P. Non-Oxide Technical and Engineering Ceramics; Hampshire, S. Ed.; Elsevier: New York, (1986) 301-317.
[4] Sawyer, G. R.; Page, T. F. J. Mater. Sci. 13 (1978) 885.
[5] Ness, J. N.; Page, T. F. J. Mater. Sci. 21 (1986) 1377.