2018-Sustainable Industrial Processing Summit
SIPS2018 Volume 4. Mamalis Intl. Symp. / Advanced Manufacturing
| Editors: | F. Kongoli, A. G. Mamalis, K. Hokamoto |
| Publisher: | Flogen Star OUTREACH |
| Publication Year: | 2018 |
| Pages: | 352 pages |
| ISBN: | 978-1-987820-88-1 |
| ISSN: | 2291-1227 (Metals and Materials Processing in a Clean Environment Series) |
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Stroboscopic Method of Fluorescence Analyses of Optically Dense Media
Nugzar Gomidze1; Izolda Jabnidze1; Zhuzhuna Diasamidze1; Lali Kalandadze1; Omar Nakashidze1; Kakha Makharadze1; Miranda Khajishvili1; Zebur Surmanidze1;1BATUMI SHOTA RUSTAVELI STATE UNIVERSITY, Batumi, Georgia;
Type of Paper: Regular
Id Paper: 275
Topic: 48
Abstract:
Anthropogenic pollution includes various components, and the first place nowadays belongs to oil and oil products, as well as a number of organic compounds. Fighting against this pollution is a modern problem [1,2]. According to statistical data, the annual anthropogenic flow of oil products in the sea is caused by the loss of oil on tankers, and protecting the environment from pollution is closely related to its discovery and then its control. This is a difficult problem, since the pollution factors represent a complex of different complicated organic substances. After being in water, many different processes take place (for instance: transfer in atmosphere, degradation, influence of biological factors etc.), which are less studied. A number of methods of watery media analyses have been applied and studied so far (for instance: infrared spectroscopy method, core magnetic resonance on Shpolski effect, gravitational or weight method, chromatography etc.). It is concluded that the limited accepted concentration in sea water is 50 mkg/L [3,4].
The organic substances are conditionally divided in four classes; they are: photosynthesizing substances, phytoplanktons, amino acids, water humus-like substances, oil, and oil products [5]. There are always fluorescence solved organic substances in water media. Their fluorescence signal makes up a background on oil fluorescence signal, and it significantly blocks its discovery. We receive the fluorescence spectrums simultaneously, which reflect the spectrums received from both oil and other organic substances. There are different ways of separating these spectrums [6], but none of them are perfect. Due to this reason, it is required to investigate the spectrums of fluorescence of additional organic substances apart from oil and oil products. It is rather easy to discover the solid particle floating in the water and substances and to determine their concentration [7].
Nowadays, for discovering and studying the oil products and organic compounds in water, spectral optical methods are used; its principal advantage in contrast to other methods is their express-diagnostics and distance. The express-diagnostics implies the quick discovery of pollution in water via optical methods in order to eliminate the pollution sources on time and liquidation of pollution sources as possible (we mean tankers, terminal etc). Though, there are some differences even among optical methods. One of them is laser fluorescence [8,9].
Fluorescence represents a physical process and is considered as one of the kinds of luminescence. When radiating a substance with light, it is possible for the electron to move among the different levels of energetic levels. The difference of energy among the energetic levels and the frequency of absorbed light oscillation are connected to each other with Bohr's third postulate. While absorbing light, the part of the energy received by the system is used for relaxation and the other part is radiated in the image of photon of determined energy. Schematically, the photon radiation and the absorption is expressed with Iablonski diagram. Fluorescence spectroscopy represents the effective method of studying dynamic processes in solutions. This method will be greatly applied in biology, medicine, material studies, nanotechnology, and of course, ecology. The parameters of fluorescence spectroscopy, such as radiation spectrum, life duration, quantum yield, and fluorescence anisotropy represent the sensitive functions of the processes, which depend of the life duration of excited condition [10,11]. The molecules can participate in these processes which are in 10 nm distance from fluorofore at the moment of excitation.
The molecular system is not entirely characterized with the own fluorescence in more or less intensity. Polysaturated, condensed, and of course, aromatic and polyaromatic compounds fluorescence well. Hetero atomic or electron-domain systems should be emphasized. Special organic and non-organic substances fluorescence perfectly, which are used in making displays, monitors, photodiodes and lasers. Natural compounds fluorescence in comparatively less quality [12]. Among natural admixtures which fluorescence well, noteworthy mentions are natural paints, some amino acids (Tryptophan and Tyrosine), and the proteins containing them, cofactors (NADH) and vitamins (riboflavin). Their own fluorescence is the basis of discovering and identifying natural admixtures and oil products.
Keywords:
Ecosystems;References:
[1] J. Lakovich. "Principles of fluorescence spectroscopy". Springer Science, 2006. p. 960.[2] "Fluorescence excitation and emission fundamentals".
http://www.olympusfluoview.com/theory/fluoroexciteemit.html
[3] N. Gomidze, I. Jabnidze, K. Makharadze, M. Khajishvili, Z. Shashikadze, Z. Surmanidze, I. Surmanidze. "Numerical Analyses of Fluorescence Characteristics of Watery Media via Laser Spectroscopy Method". Journal of Advanced Materials Research Vol. 590 (2012), pp. 206-211.
[4] G.G. Stokes. "Ueber die Veränderung der Brechbarkeit des Lichts". Annalen der Physik, B. 163 (11), 1852, S. 480-490
[5] "Lidar Methods of discovering oil pollution sources". (hhtp://ecoline.kiev.ua/articles/pider/lidmru.htmi)
[6] N.Kh. Gomidze., K.A. Makharadze, M.R. Khajishvili, I.N. Jabnidze, Z.Kh. Shashikadze. Some Issues of Fluorescence Characteristics Aqueous Media via Diagnosis of Laser Spectroscopy Method. International Journal of Engineering, Science and Innovative Technology. ISSN No: 2319-5967 (ISO 9001:2008 Certified), 3, issue 3, pp.142-152, 2014. http://www.ijesit.com/Volume%203/Issue%203/IJESIT201403_17.pdf
[7] J.R. Albani. "New insights in the interpretation of tryptophan fluorescence. Origin of the fluorescence lifetime and characterization of a new fluorescence parameter in proteins: the emission to excitation ratio". Journal of fluorescence, 2007.
[8] N.Kh.Gomidze, K.A.Makharadze, M.R.Khajishvili, I.N.Jabnidze, Z.Kh. Shashikadze. "Some Issues of Fluorescence Characteristics Aqueous Media via Diagnosis of Laser Spectroscopy Method". International Journal of Engineering, Science and Innovative Technology. ISSN No: 2319-5967, 3, issue 3, 2pp. 142-152, 2014.
[9] Z. Davitadze, N. Gomidze, K. Makharadze. "Control Laser Spectrofluorimeter with Microcontrollers. Journal of Advanced Materials Research Vol". 590 (2012), pp. 201-205
[10] Z. Shashikadze, N. Gomidze, Z. Davitadze, O. Nakashidze. "Fluoroscence spectrums of water soluble and emulsive oil". RSU works. Series: Natural Sciences and Medicine, Volume 13, pp: 238-241. Batumi.
[11] N.Kh. Gomidze, Z.Kh.Shashikadze, K.A.Makharadze, M.R. Khajishvili, I.N. Jabnidze. "About fluorescence excitation spectrums". 6th International Conference on Advanced Optoelectronics and Lasers. Conference Proceedings. 9-13 September (2013), Sudak, Ukraine, pp. 317-319.
[12] N.Kh. Gomidze, I.N. Jabnidze, Z.J. Surmanidze Stroboscopic Method of Fluorescence Analyses of Optically Solid Media. 2016 IEEE 7th International Conference on Advanced Optoelectronics and Lasers (CAOL). September 12-15, Odessa, Ukraine, pp. 34-36, 2016.