2017-Sustainable Industrial Processing Summit
SIPS 2017 Volume 2. Dodds Intl. Symp. / Energy Production

Editors:Kongoli F, Buhl A, Turna T, Mauntz M, Williams W, Rubinstein J, Fuhr PL, Morales-Rodriguez M
Publisher:Flogen Star OUTREACH
Publication Year:2017
Pages:306 pages
ISBN:978-1-987820-63-8
ISSN:2291-1227 (Metals and Materials Processing in a Clean Environment Series)
CD-SIPS2017_Volume1
CD shopping page

    Investigation of Carbonated Water Injection in an Oil Reservoir to Enhance Oil Recovery

    Abdollah Esmaeili1;
    1NATIONAL IRANIAN SOUTH OIL COMPANY (NISOC) - NATIONAL IRANIAN OIL COMPANY (NIOC), Omiodieh, Iran (Islamic Republic of Iran);
    Type of Paper: Keynote
    Id Paper: 13
    Topic: 17

    Abstract:

    In this paper, according to actual condition of an oil field, a new enhanced oil recovery method called carbonated water injection (CWI) was designed and tested for this oil field. In carbonated water, CO2 exists as a dissolved phase as opposed to a free phase, eliminating the problems of gravity segregation and poor sweep efficiency, which are characteristics of a typical CO2 injection project. In fact, both viscosity and density of water increase as a result of the dissolution of CO2 in water. Recovery efficiency of this EOR method was tested experimentally using several cores of this sandstone reservoir. Reservoir rock and fluid properties changing during this process were investigated. For this purpose, a set of experimental tests based on core flooding tests on sandstones were designed. The results show that carbonated water injection (CWI), compared to conventional water injection, improves oil recovery in both secondary (pre-water flood) and tertiary (post-water flood) injection modes.

    References:

    [1] M. Sohrabi, M. Jamiolahmady, “Tertiary Oil Recovery and CO2 Sequestration by Carbonated Water Injection (CWI)”, SPE 139667, 2010.
    [2] Martin, J. W. and N. Y. Tuckahoe, “Process of recovering oil from oil fields involving the use of critically carbonated water”, U.S Patent 1959.
    [3] Hickok, C. and H. Ramsay Jr., “Case Histories of Carbonated Water Floods in Dewey – Bartlesville field”, SPE Secondary Recovery Symposium, Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1962.
    [4] Christensen, R., “Carbonated Water flood Results – Texas and Oklahoma”, Annual Meeting of Rocky Mountain Petroleum Engineers of AIME, Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1961.
    [5] Scott, J. and C. Forrester, “Performance of Domes Unit Carbonated Water flood – First Stage, Journal of Petroleum Technology, 1965.
    [6] Martin, J. W., Recovering VOILMRAOMLOIL Fields Involving, Google Patents, 1959.
    [7] Shu, W. R., “Carbonated water flooding for viscous oil recovery using CO2 solubility promoter and demoter”, Google Patents, 1983.
    [8] Riazi M., Jamiolahmady M., Sohrabi M., “Theoretical investigation of pore scale mechanisms of carbonated water injection (CWI)”, Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2011.
    [9] Riazi M., Jamiolahmady M., Sohrabi M., “Experimental study of pore scale mechanisms of carbonated water injection (CWI)”, Journal of Transport in Porous Media, 2011.
    [10] Nor IdahKechut, MehranSohrabi, Mahmoud Jamiolahmady, “Experimental and numerical evaluation of carbonated water injection (CWI) for improved oil recovery and CO2 storage”, SPE 143005, 2011.
    [11] Sohrabi M., Kechut N., Riazi M., Jamiolahmady M., “Core flooding studies to investigate the potential of carbonated water injection as an injection strategy for improved oil recovery and CO2 storage”, Journal of Transport in Porous Media, 2012.
    [12] Sohrabi M., Kechut N., Riazi M., Jamiolahmady M., “Carbonated Water Injection – a productive way of using CO2 for oil recovery and CO2 storage energy”, 2011.
    [13] J. M. Perez, S. W. Poston, Q. J. Sharif, “carbonated water imbibition flooding – an enhanced oil recovery process for fractured reservoirs” SPE 24164, 1992.
    [14] S. H. Shenawi, C. H. Wu, “compositional simulation of carbonated water floods in naturally fractured reservoirs” SPE 27741, 1994.
    [15] Yannong Dong, BirolDindoruk, Claudia Ishizawa, ED Lewis, Thomas Kubicek, “experimental investigation of carbonated water flooding”, SPE 145380, 2011.
    [16] Satoru Takahashi, “water imbibition, electrical surface forces and wettability of low permeability fractured porous media”, PhD Dissertation. 2009.
    [17] Ali A. Yousef, Salah Al-Saleh, Mohammad Al – Jawfi, Saudi Aramco, “new recovery method for carbonated reservoirs through tuning the injection water salinity: smart water flooding”, SPE 143550, 2011.
    [18] K. A. R. Gomari, O. Karoussi, A. A. Hamouda, University of Stavanger, “mechanistic study of interaction between water and carbonate rocks for enhancing oil recovery” SPE 99628.
    [19] R. Gupta, K. K. Mohanty, “wettability alteration of fractured carbonate reservoirs”, SPE 113407, 2008.
    [20] Andrew Fogden, Evgenia V. Lebedeva, “changes in wettability state due to water flooding”, International Symposium of the Society of Core Analysis, Austin, Texas, USA, 18 – 21 September, 2001.
    [21] A. A. S. Al – Rossies, B. D. Al – Anazi, A. M. Paiaman, “effect of pH – values on the contact angle and interfacial tension”, NAFTA 61 (4), 2010.
    [22] Takahashi, Doctorate Thesis, “water imbibition, eclectrical surface forces and wettability of low permeability fractured porous media”, 2009.
    [23] S. Hoeiland, T. Barth, A. M. Blokhus, A. Skauge, “the effect of crude oil acid fractions on wettability as studied by interfacial tension and contact angles”, Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2001.
    [24] Stanley Wu, Abbas Firoozabadi, “effect of salinity on wettability alteration to intermediate gas wetting”, SPE 122486, 2010.
    [25] Myeong Noh, Abbas Firoozabadi, “wettability alteration in gas condensate reservoirs to mitigate well deliverability loss by water blocking”, SPE 98375, 2008.
    [26] M. M. Sharma, P. R. Filoco, “effect of brine salinity and crude oil on recovery and residual saturation”, SPE Journal 5 (3), 2000.
    [27] B. Ju, F. Tailiang, M. Mingxue, “enhanced oil recovery by flooding with hydrophilic nanoparticles”, China Paticuology 4, 2006.
    [28] J. Binshan, D. Shugo, L. Zhian, Z. Tiangao, S. Xianto, Q. Xiaofeng, “a study of wettability and permeability change caused by adsorption of nanometer structured polysilicon on the surface of porous media”, SPE Asia Pacific oil and gas conference and exhibition, 8- 10 October, Melbourne, Australia, Paper SPE 77938 – MS, 2002.
    [29] B. Ju, T. Fan, “experimental study and mathematical model of nano particle transport in porous media”, Powder Technology, Vol. 192, Issue 2, Elsevier B. V., China, 2009.
    [30] D. Quinfeng, C. Shen, Z. Wang, B. Jing, C. Gu, Y. Qian, “innovative drag reduction of flow in rocks micro channels using nano particle adsorbing method”, International Oil and Gas Conference, Beijing, China, Paper No. 130994, 8 – 10 June, 2010.
    [31] Austad, T., S. Strand, E.J. Hognesen, P. Zhang, "Seawater as IOR Fluid in Fractured Chalk/ Paper SPE 93000 presented at SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry, 2-4 February 2005, The Woodlands, Texas.
    [32] Austad, T.; RezaeiDoust, A.; Puntervold, T. Chemical mechanism of low salinity water flooding in sandstone reservoirs. Paper SPE 129767-PP presented at the Improved Oil Recovery Symposium, Tulsa, OK, April 24-28, 2010.
    [33] Anderson, W.G., 1986," Wettability Literature Survey Part 1: Rock/oil/brine interactions and the effects of core handling on wettability" JPT (Oct. 1986).
    [34] Alotaibi, M.B., and Nasr-El-Din, H.A. 2009a, Chemistry of Injection Water and its Impact on Oil Recovery in Carbonate and Clastic Formations. Paper SPE 121565 presented at the International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry, The Woodlands, Texas, 20-22 April.
    [35] Alotaibi, M.B., and Nasr-El-Din, H.A. 2009b, Salinity of Injection Water and Its Impact on Oil Recovery. Paper SPE 121569 presented at the SPE EUROPEC/EAGE Conference, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 8-11 June.
    [36] Aguilera, R.: Naturally Fractured Reservoirs, PennWell Publishing Company, Tulsa, OK, ISBN 0-87814-449-8, 1995.
    [37] Abdulrazag Y. Zekri", et al , "United Arab University, "Al-FatehUnivrsity, " Effect of EOR technology on Wettability and Oil Recovery of Carbonate and Sandstone Formation"International Petroleum Technology Conference held in Bangkok, Thailand, 7-9 February 2012.
    [38] Bazin, B. and j. Labrid, Ion exchange and dissolution/precipitation modeling: application to the injection of aqueous fluids into reservoir sandstone. SPE production engineering, 1991: p. 233-238.
    [39] Boussour, S., M. Cissokho, et al. (2009). Oil recovery by low salinity brine injection: Laboratory results on outcrop and reservoir cores. Paper SPE 124277 presented at the 2009 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition held in New Orleans. Louisiana. USA. 4-7 Oct 2009.
    [40] Burgos, W. D., N. Pisutpaisal, et al. (2002). "Adsorption of quinoline to kaolinite and montmorillonite", Environmental engineering science 19(2): 59-68.
    [41] Cissokho, M., S. Boussour, et al. (2009). Low salinity oil recovery on clayey sanstone: Experimental study. Paper SCA2009-05 presented at the International Symposium of the Society of Core Analysts held in Noordwiik. Netherlands. 27-30 September 2009.
    [42] Coskuner G., 1992, Shell Canada Ltd., An Investigation of Sweep Efficiency Improvement for Tertiary Miscible Oil Recovery, paper # (92-11), Petroleum Society of Canada, Annual Technical Meeting, Jun 7- 10, 1992, Calgary, Alberta.
    [43] Green D.W. and Willhite G.P.:, "Enhanced Oil Recovery", SPE Text Book Series vol. 6, 1998.
    [44] Kumar, M., Fogden, A., Morrow, N. R., and Buckley, J.S.," Mechanisms of Improved Oil Recovery from Sandstone by Low Salinity Flooding," paper presented at International Symposium of the Society of Core Analysts held in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, 4-7 October, 2010.
    [45] Kharrat. R. SPE, Petroleum University of Technology, S. Mahdavi, SPE, PUT Research Center, DavoodGhorbani, SPE, Denbury Resources “A Comprehensive EOR Study of a Highly Fractured Matured Field-Case Study” Paper SPE 153311 Presented at the EAGE Annual Conference & Exhibition incorporating SPE Europec held in Copenhagen. Denmark. 4-7 June 2012.
    [46] Ligthelm, D. J.; Gronsveld, J.; Hofman, J. P.; Brussee, N. J.; Marcelis, F.; van der Linde, JHL A Novel water flooding strategy by manipulation of injection brine composition. Paper SPE 119835 presented at the 2009 SPE EUROPEC/EAGE Annual Conference and Exhibition, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2009.
    [47] Lager, A., Webb, K.J., Black, C.J.J., Singleton, M. and Sorbie, K.S., 2008. Low salinity oil recovery – an experimental investigation. Petrophysics, 49(1): 28-35.
    [48] Lager, A., Webb, K.J., Collins, I.R. and Richmond, D.M., 2008. LoSal™ enhanced oil recovery: Evidence of enhanced oil recovery at the reservoir scale. Paper SPE 113976 presented at the 2008 SPE/DOE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium, Tulsa, OK, USA, 19-23 April. 32
    [49] Lager, A.; Webb, K. J.; Black, C.J.J. Impact of brine chemistry on oil recovery. Paper A24 presented at the 14th European Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery, Cairo, Egypt, 2007.
    [50] Lake, L.W.: Enhanced Oil Recovery, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliff, NJ, 1989.
    [51] McGuire, P.L, SPE, J.R. Chatham, F.K. Paskvan, D.M. Sommer, SPE, F.H. Carini, "Low Salinity Oil Recovery: An Exciting New EOR Opportunity for Alaska's North Slope,*' Paper SPE 93903 presented at SPE Western Regional Meeting, Mar 30 - Apr 01,2005. Irvine, California.
    [52] Morrow, N. R., Valat, M., and Yildiz, H., “Effect of Brine Composition On Recovery of an Alaskan Crude Oil By Waterflooding." Paper SPE 9694 presented at Annual Technical Meeting, Jun 10 - 12. 1996 , Calgary, Alberta.
    [53] Nabipour, M., Escrochi, M., Ayatollahi S., Boukadi F., Wadhahi M., Maamari R., Bemani A.: “Laboratory investigation of thermally-assisted gas–oil gravity drainage for secondary and tertiary oil recovery in fractured models” Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering (2007) 55 .74–82.
    [54] Papay, J.: Development of petroleum reservoirs, AkademiaiKiado Publishers, Budapest, Hungary, ISBN 963-05-7917-8, 2003.
    [55] Pu, H., Xie, X., Yin, P, and Morrow, N.R. 2010. Low Salinity Watcr flooding and Mineral Dissolution, Paper SPE 134042 pre-sented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Florence, Italy, 19-22 September, doi: 10.2118/134042-MS.
    [56] Patil, S., Dandekar, A.Y., Patil, S.L, and Khataniar, S. 2008. Low Salinity Brine Injection for EOR on Alask North Slope (ANS), Paper IPTC 12004 presented at the International Petroleum Technology Conference, Kuala Lumpur, 3-5 December, doi:10.2523/12004-MS.
    [57] RezaeiDoust, A., Puntervold, T., Strand, S. and Austad, T., 2009. Smart Water as Wettability Modifier in Carbonate and Sandstone: A Discussion of Similarities/Differences in the Chemical Mechanisms. Energy' & Fuels, 23(9): 4479- 4485.
    [58] RezaeiDoust, A., Puntervold, T., and Austad, T. 2010a. A Discussion of the Low Salinity EOR Potential for a North Sea Sandstone Field, Paper SPE 134459 presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Florence, Italy, 19-22 September, doi: 10.2118/134459-MS.
    [59] RezaeiDoust, A., Puntervold, T, and Austad, T. 2010b. Low Salinity Flooding in Sandstones: Experimental evidence for a chemically induced pH gradient at the water-clay interface. Presented at 11th International Symposium on Evaluation of Wettability and Its Effect on Oil Recovery, Calgary, 6-9 September.
    [60] Seccombe, J. et al. 2008. Improving Wateilood Recovery: LoSal™ EOR Field Evaluation, Paper SPE 113480 presented at the SPE/DOE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA, 19-23 April.
    [61] Skauge, A. Microscopic diversion - A new EOR technique. In The 29th IEA Workshop & Symposium, Beijing, China, 2008.
    [62] Schramm, L.L. and Kutay, S.M. (2000), 'Structure/Performance Relationships for Surfactant Stabilized Foams in Porous Media', Paper Presented at the Petroleum Society's Canadian International Petroleum Conference. June 4-8, 2000. Calgary, Alberta, Canada, Paper No. 2000-64.
    [63] Tang, G.-Q. and Morrow, N.R., 1999a. Influence of brine composition and fines migration on crude oil/brine/rock interactions and oil recovery. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 24: 99-111.
    [64] Tang, G. and Morrow, N.R., 1999b. Oil recovery by water flooding and imbibitions - Invading brine cationvalency and salinity, Paper SCA9911 presented at the International Symposium of the Society of Core Analysts, Golden, CO, USA, 1- 4 Aug 1999.
    [65] Thigpen, D.R., Lawson, J.B., and Nelson, R.C., 1991, Preformed Surfactant-Optimized Aqueous Alkaline Flood, U.S. Pat. NO. 5, 068, 043.
    [66] Ursin, J.-R., Zolotukhin, A. B.,1997, Introduction to Petroleum Reservoir Engineering, Hoyskoleforlaget AS.
    [67] Valdya, R.N. and U.S. Fogler, "Fines migration and formation damage: influence of pi I and ion exchange,” SPF production engineering, 1992. 19413: p. 325-330.

    Full Text:

    Click here to access the Full Text

    Cite this article as:

    Esmaeili A. (2017). Investigation of Carbonated Water Injection in an Oil Reservoir to Enhance Oil Recovery. In Kongoli F, Buhl A, Turna T, Mauntz M, Williams W, Rubinstein J, Fuhr PL, Morales-Rodriguez M (Eds.), Sustainable Industrial Processing Summit SIPS 2017 Volume 2. Dodds Intl. Symp. / Energy Production (pp. 208-221). Montreal, Canada: FLOGEN Star Outreach