2015-Sustainable Industrial Processing Summit
SIPS 2015 Volume 9: Physics, Advanced Materials, Multifunctional Materials
| Editors: | Kongoli F, Dubois JM, Gaudry E, Fournee V, Marquis F |
| Publisher: | Flogen Star OUTREACH |
| Publication Year: | 2015 |
| Pages: | 275 pages |
| ISBN: | 978-1-987820-32-4 |
| ISSN: | 2291-1227 (Metals and Materials Processing in a Clean Environment Series) |
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Fundamental Research and Processing Developments on Manufacturing High Quality Alloy 690 for PWRs SG Tubing Application
Kui Liu1; Min Wang1; Xianchao Hao1; Long Zhang1; Ming Gao1;1INSTITUTE OF METALS RESEARCH, CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, Shenyang, China;
Type of Paper: Regular
Id Paper: 412
Topic: 21
Abstract:
China needs to develop nuclear energy much more actively from the point of supporting economic sustainable increase and environmental protection. Significant efforts have been made on the research of some key component applied materials and the manufacturing technology of the Pressurized Water Reactors (PWRs) in the recent decade in China. Alloy 690 is a nickel based corrosion resistant material and has been extensively applied as the steam generator (SG) tubing in the PWRs. In order to prolong the SG service life to more than 60 years, this tubing material's basic characters and manufacturing foundation need to be clarified and established step by step. The fundamental research of the minor and trace elements effects on microstructure, property and the development of manufacturing homogenized industrial scale Alloy 690 are reviewed in this paper.
From the study of the Alloy 690 isothermal solidification behavior, sulfur (S) was found to lower the solidus temperature significantly. This element largely enriched in final solidified residual liquids and significantly induced main elements' micro-segregation. Accompanied by the co-segregation of Cr and Ti, chromium sulfides or titanium sulfides were formed, which was proved to be rather detrimental to alloy hot ductility. Its content, therefore, needs to be controlled as low as possible in industrial production. Nitrogen (N) has a diplex function. It refines the grain size and increases alloy strength without decreasing ductility, but more TiN particles will be precipitated when more N is added to this alloy, so N content should be controlled within a reasonable range. A high purity industrial scale alloy melting process has been successfully developed by taking vacuum induction melting (VIM) and electro-slag re-melting (ESR) double routes.
In order to fully understand the ESR ingot's crystal structure and the structure evolution after hot forging, an ESR ingot with 510mm diameter has been dissected both from transverse and longitudinal directions. It could be found that at three typical re-melting stages, the ingot possesses different crystal macro-structures. Further micro-structure analysis shows nitrides solidified in the inter-dendrite, carbides only precipitated at the grain boundary. The structure evolution has been carefully studied using the samples taken from different sections of the dissected ESR ingot and hot-forged at different temperatures. There were some kinds of fine-grain bands structure which was observed in the hot forged parts, and the fine grain boundaries were beset by some of chromium-carbide. Such fine-grain bands would be inherited to the hot extruding or cold rolling tubes if they could not be eliminated after hot forging of the big ESR ingot. By optimizing the ingot hot deforming process, the forging billets of 210 diameters with more stable and uniformed structure were obtained.
Keywords:
Energy; Industry; Materials; Nuclear; Purification; Sustainability; Technologies;Zhang_Long@flogen.org;Gao_Ming@flogen.org;References:
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