2015-Sustainable Industrial Processing Summit
SIPS 2015 Volume 3: Takano Intl. Symp. / Metals & Alloys Processing
| Editors: | Kongoli F, Noldin JH, Mourao MB, Tschiptschin AP, D'Abreu JC |
| Publisher: | Flogen Star OUTREACH |
| Publication Year: | 2015 |
| Pages: | 550 pages |
| ISBN: | 978-1-987820-26-3 |
| ISSN: | 2291-1227 (Metals and Materials Processing in a Clean Environment Series) |
< CD shopping page
Alternative Carbon Sources for Reduction
Hesham Ahmed1; Samira Lotfian1; Asmaa ElTawil1; Anton Andersson1; Bo Bjorkman1;1LULEA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, Lulea, Sweden;
Type of Paper: Keynote
Id Paper: 414
Topic: 3
Abstract:
Reducing agents are considered to be the major portion of most metallurgical processes cost and their production causes severe environmental concerns. In addition, lower energy consumption, lower CO2 emission and waste recycling are driving the reduction metallurgy processes to develop "coke free, zero waste and green processes". In the present overview, attempts to explore the possible alternative reducing agents for metallurgical processes will be presented. The present discussion will be focusing on the following approaches;
1. Replacing expensive carbon bearing materials with relatively less expensive alternate fuels having carbon as well as significant amount of potential reducing constituents such as coal, waste plastic and biomass materials.
2. Producing agglomerates from cheaper raw materials (secondary resources) like carbon rich integrated steel industry wastes.
3. Enhancing the carbon utilization by using higher reactive materials.
The present essay is an attempt to explore the feasible utilization of different carbon bearing materials as reductants in metallurgical processes. Different carbon bearing materials is considered, namely, waste plastic materials, biomass, carbon rich iron and steel industry wastes.
Keywords:
Carbon; Coke; Dust; Energy; Metallurgy; Recovery; Recycling; Sustainability; Waste;References:
[1] Carpenter AM. Use of PCI in blast furnaces. IEA clean coal Center; 2006 01/10/2006.[2] Pulverized coal injection (PCI) coal combustion behavior and residual coal char carryover in The blast furnace during PCI at high rates. Washington, D.C. 20585: U.S. Department of Energy; January 2002.
[3] Chukwuleke OP, Cai JJ, Chukwujekwu S, Xiao S. Shift From Coke to Coal Using Direct Reduction Method and Challenges. J Iron Steel Res Int. 2009 Mar;16(2):1,5; 1.
[4] Sahajwalla V, Rahman M, Khanna R, Saha-Chaudhury N, O'Kane P, Skidmore C, et al. Recycling Waste Plastics in EAF Steelmaking: Carbon/Slag Interactions of HDPE-Coke Blends. steel research international. 2009;80(8):535-43.
[5] Ariyama T, Matsuura M, Noda H, Asanuma M, Shikada T, Murai R, et al. Development of shaft-type scrap melting process characterized by massive coal and plastics injection. Isij Int. 1997;37(10):977,985; 294.
[6] Asanuma M, Ariyama T, Sato M, Murai R, Nonaka T, Okochi I, et al. Development of waste plastics injection process in blast furnace. Isij Int. 2000;40(3):244,251; 244.
[7] Assis SP, Calixto OK, Vasques FI, Prado TM, Martins EM. Economical Feasibility of the Use of Biogas in Iron- and Steelmaking. The Iron and Steel Technology Conference and Exposition; 4-7 May 2015; AISTech and ICSTI; 2015.
[8] Matsumura T, Ichida M, Nagasaka T, Kato K. Carbonization behaviour of woody biomass and resulting metallurgical coke properties. Isij Int. 2008;48(5):572,577; 572.
[9] Janiana M, Eduardo O, Antonio V, Alexander B, Heinrich G, Dieter S. Study of the Behavior of Biomass, Coal and Mixtures at Their Injection Into Blast Furnace. The 5th International Congress on the Science and Technology of ironmaking; Baosteel Research Institute, Shanghai, CHINA. ; 2009.
[10] Ueda S, Watanabe K, Yanagiya K, Inoue R, Ariyama T. Improvement of Reactivity of Carbon Iron Ore Composite with Biomass Char for Blast Furnace. Isij Int. 2009;49(10):1505-12.
[11] Hata Y, Purwanto H, Hosokai S, Hayashi J, Kashiwaya Y, Akiyama T. Biotar Ironmaking Using Wooden Biomass and Nanoporous Iron Ore. Energy & Fuels. 2009 2009/02/19;23(2):1128-31.
[12] Matsui k, Hata Y, Hosokai S, Hayashi J, Kashiwaya Y, Akiyama T. Biotar Ironmaking Using Wooden Biomass and Nano-porous Iron Ore. The 5th International Congress on the Science and Technology of ironmaking; Baosteel Research Institute, Shanghai, CHINA. ; 2009.
[13] Grip C. Steel and sustainability: Scandinavian perspective. Ironmaking Steelmaking. 2005;32(3):235-41.
[14] Itoh Y, Fieser A. Zinc Removal From Blast Furnace Dust. Iron Steel Eng. 1982;59(8):33-6.
[15] Heijwegen C, Kat W. Beneficiation of Blast Furnace Sludge. World Steel Metalwork.Export Man.,. 1984:35-9.
[16] Steer JM, Griffiths AJ. Investigation of carboxylic acids and non-aqueous solvents for the selective leaching of zinc from blast furnace dust slurry. Hydrometallurgy. 2013;140:34-41.
[17] Vereš J, Lovás M, Jakabský Š, Šepelák V, Hredzák S. Characterization of blast furnace sludge and removal of zinc by microwave assisted extraction. Hydrometallurgy. 2012;129:67-73.
[18] Biswas AK. Principles of Blast Furnace Ironmaking: Theory and Practice. Cootha; 1981.
[19] Butterworth P, Linsley K, Aumonier J. Hydrocyclone treatment of blast furnace slurry within British Steel. Revue de Metallurgie, Cahiers d'Informations Techniques(France). 1996;93(6):807-15.
[20] Van Herck P, Vandecasteele C, Swennen R, Mortier R. Zinc and lead removal from blast furnace sludge with a hydrometallurgical process. Environ Sci Technol. 2000;34(17):3802-8.
[21] Robinson R. High temperature properties of by-product cold bonded pellets containing blast furnace flue dust. Thermochimica Acta. 2005 7/1;432(1):112-23.
[22] Su F, Lampinen H, Robinson R. Recycling of sludge and dust to the BOF converter by cold bonded pelletizing. ISIJ Int. 2004;44(4):770-6.
[23] Ahmed H, Wiswanathan N, Bojrkman B. Isothermal Reduction Kinetics of Self-Reducing Mixtures. Not published.
[24] Srivastava U, Kawatra SK, Eisele TC. Production of pig iron by utilizing biomass as a reducing agent. Int J Miner Process. 2013 3/6;119(0):51-7.
[25] Strezov V. Iron ore reduction using sawdust: experimental analysis and kinetic modelling. Renewable Energy. 2006;31(12):1892-905.
[26] Srivastava U, Kawatra SK, Eisele TC. Production of pig iron by utilizing biomass as a reducing agent. Int J Miner Process. 2013;119:51-7.
[27] Ueki Y, Yoshiie R, Naruse I, Ohno K, Maeda T, Nishioka K, et al. Reaction behavior during heating biomass materials and iron oxide composites. Fuel. 2013;104(0):58-61.
[28] Dutta SK, Ghosh A. Study of nonisothermal reduction of iron ore-coal/char composite pellet. MMTB. 1994 1994/01/01;25(1):15-26.
[29] Reddy GV, Sharma T, Chakravorty S. Kinetic rate equation for direct reduction of iron ore by non-coking coal. ironmaking and steelmaking. 1991;18(3):211-5.
[30] Sohn I, Fruehan RJ. The reduction of iron oxides by volatiles in a rotary hearth furnace process: Part I. The role and kinetics of volatile reduction. Metall and Materi Trans B. 2005 2005/10/01;36(5):605-12.
[31] Sohn I, Fruehan RJ. The reduction of iron oxides by volatiles in a rotary hearth furnace process: Part II. The reduction of iron oxide/carbon composites. Metall and Materi Trans B. 2006 2006/04/01;37(2):223-9.
[32] Sohn I, Fruehan RJ. The reduction of iron oxides by volatiles in a rotary hearth furnace process: Part III. The simulation of volatile reduction in a multi-layer rotary hearth furnace process. Metall and Materi Trans B. 2006 2006/04/01;37(2):231-8.
[33] El-Geassy A, Halim KA, Bahgat M, Mousa E, El-Shereafy E, El-Tawil A. Carbothermic reduction of Fe2O3/C compacts: comparative approach to kinetics and mechanism. Ironmaking Steelmaking. 2013;40(7):534-44.