2015-Sustainable Industrial Processing Summit
SIPS 2015 Volume 10: Mineral & Secondary Battery
| Editors: | Kongoli F, Silva AC, Arol AI, Kumar V, Aifantis K |
| Publisher: | Flogen Star OUTREACH |
| Publication Year: | 2015 |
| Pages: | 340 pages |
| ISBN: | 978-1-987820-33-1 |
| ISSN: | 2291-1227 (Metals and Materials Processing in a Clean Environment Series) |
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Recent Progress on Nanostructure Anode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries
Claudio Capiglia1;1RECRUIT R&D, Osaka, Japan;
Type of Paper: Plenary
Id Paper: 287
Topic: 14
Abstract:
Energy storage is the key enabling technology for exploitation of alternative energy and the vast deployment will help the transaction from a fossil fuel based economy to a more sustainable society. In the field of energy storage, lithium ion rechargeable batteries (LIB) play a significant role thanks to their high gravimetric and volumetric energy, long cycle's life, high efficiency and low self- discharge properties. The LIBs have proven to be the solution for portable devices like smart phones, tablets, personal computers, cameras, however for consistent application as a power source in electric vehicles they need from five to ten times more energy density than present state of the art technology can offer (150Wh/Kg) and higher power density. Furthermore, for the massive application of smart grid and stationary power projects, the production cost should be reduced and cycle life substantially increased.
The path to LIB with improved energy density and reduced cost of manufacturing led to the development of advanced materials originally designed for application in LIB. Among the materials used in LIB, the active material for the fabrication of the negative electrode is an important component of the LIB. Soft carbons materials (graphitizable carbons), where crystallites are stacked almost in the same direction, are the standard active materials for anode used in today lithium ion batteries industry. Soft carbon (i.e. graphite) shows an appropriate reversible capacity of around 370 mAh/gr, long cycle durability and a columbic efficiency higher than 90%. However, these type of materials are suffering for many drawback such as low energy density, low power density, and safety issues related to Solid Electrolyte Interface formation as well as lithium plating phenomena during the charging and discharging of LIBs.
The development of alternative anode materials is mandatory for LIBs with improved electrochemical performance. For the sake of simplicity, anodes materials can be divided in three categories based on their working mechanism: 1) intercalation / de-intercalation 2) alloy / de-alloy 3) conversion materials. Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene, Silicium based material, Germanium based materials, Titanium based materials, Transition Metal Oxide, Metal Sulphides, Phosphides, and Nitrides are currently under investigation. Nano-structuring these materials represents the feature capable of leading these innovative materials from being theoretically relevant to an effective technological breakthrough. Recent research outcomes and outstanding results on nanostructured alternative anodes materials will be overviewed.